围封年限对典型草原植被与土壤特征的影响

草业学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2): 3-10.

围封年限对典型草原植被与土壤特征的影响

单贵莲1,2，徐柱1,3*，宁发1,2，焦燕4

1.中国农业科学院草原研究所，内蒙古呼和浩特 010010;
2.中国农业科学院研究生院，北京 100081;
3.农业部草地资源生态

收稿日期:2008-04-24 出版日期:2009-04-20 发布日期:2009-04-20
作者简介:单贵莲（1982-），女，云南沾益人，在读博士。E-mail:shanguilian8203@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
家重点基础研究“973”项目（2007CB106800）和中澳合作项目（AS2/2001/094）资助。

Influence of seasonal exclosure on plant and soil characteristics in typical steppe

SHAN Gui-lian1,2, XU Zhu1,3, NING Fa1,2, JIAO Yan4

1.Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China;

2.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China;
3.Key
Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010010,
China;
4.College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Inner
Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China

Received:2008-04-24 Online:2009-04-20 Published:2009-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对典型草原退化草地恢复与合理利用问题，选取生长季（4-9月）围封收获干草，其他时间轻度放牧利用的天然草地为研究对象，同时选取自由放牧草地为对照，进行不同围封年限草原植物群落与土壤特征的比较研究。结果表明，1）与自由放牧草地相比，重度退化草地采用生长季围封恢复措施后群落地上现存量、盖度、密度、根系生物量、地表凋落物现存量及土壤养分含量显著增加，土壤容重、紧实度及＞0.25 mm的粗颗粒含量显著降低，群落结构优化，土壤环境改善，植被与土壤间形成一个相互作用的良性循环系统，退化草地正向演替。2）草地在围封恢复过程中若连续多年刈割利用，容易导致生产性能降低，群落盖度与密度下降，草群矮化，土壤养分含量下降，草地发生2次逆行演替。3）季节性围封的管理方式既可保证退化草地在一定程度上得到恢复，也能达到充分利用草地资源的目的。季节性围封在我国牧区是可行方法之一，但适宜的围封季节及围封后的合理利用问题（如合理的割草制度等）有待进一步研究。

Abstract: To discuss the restoration and reasonable utilization of degraded typical steppe, we chose natural grasslands which were exclosed during the growing season (Apr. to Sep.) for hay production then lightly grazed for the rest of the year. Continuously grazed land was chosen as the control to carry out comparative research on the influence of exclosure on plant and soil characteristics in typical degraded steppe. 1) Compared with continuous grazing, the above-ground biomass, coverage, density, under-ground biomass, litter biomass, and soil nutrients of degraded steppe increased after exclosure, while the soil bulk density, soil compaction, and coarse particle (＞0.25 mm) content decreased. The community structure and soil environment improved. The plants and soil formed a reciprocal interactions benign circulatory system, and the typical degraded grassland improved. 2) If the land was used continuously for hay production over many years then the process of recovery, productivity, coverage, density, and soil nutrients decreased, and the recovered grassland underwent a second retrogressive succession. 3) Seasonal exclosure could allow full use of grassland resources while ensuring that the degraded grassland recovered to some extent. Seasonal exclosure was a feasible grassland management method in pastoral areas, but some problems such as suitable exclosure season and reasonable mowing systems require further study.

中图分类号:

单贵莲1,2，徐柱1,3*，宁发1,2，焦燕4. 围封年限对典型草原植被与土壤特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(2): 3-10.

SHAN Gui-lian1,2, XU Zhu1,3, NING Fa1,2, JIAO Yan4. Influence of seasonal exclosure on plant and soil characteristics in typical steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(2): 3-10.

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