呼伦贝尔草甸草原景观格局时空演变分析——以海拉尔及周边地区为例

草业学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 134-143.

呼伦贝尔草甸草原景观格局时空演变分析——以海拉尔及周边地区为例

张宏斌^1,2,杨桂霞^1,2,黄青²,李刚^1,2,陈宝瑞^1,2,辛晓平^1,2*

1.呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100081;
2.农业部资源遥感与数字农业重点开放实验室,北京100081

收稿日期:2008-04-08 出版日期:2009-01-25 发布日期:2009-02-20
作者简介:张宏斌(1978-),男,河北魏县人,助理研究员,博士。 E-mail:zhanghongbin_2005@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2007CB106806),国家自然科学基金面上项目(30770327),国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2007AA10Z230)和国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC08B0404,2007BAC03A10)资助。

Analysis of dynamic spatial-temporal changes of landscape patterns in Hulunber meadow steppes——Taking Hailaer and surrounding areas as an example

ZHANG Hong-bin^1,2, YANG Gui-xia^1,2, HUANG Qing², LI Gang^1,2, CHEN Bao-rui^1,2, XIN Xiao-ping^1,2

1.Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100081, China;
2.Key Laboratory of Resource Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2008-04-08 Online:2009-01-25 Published:2009-02-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选用海拉尔及周边地区1986,1991,1996和2001年4个时期的TM/ETM数据,在实地调查的基础上,结合监督分类的方法将研究区域分为水体、沙地、农田、城镇和草原5类,并依据NDVI植被指数将草原划分为高盖度草原、较高盖度草原、中盖度草原和低盖度草原4个等级,运用景观生态学原理对以上8类景观格局的时空演变进行分析研究。结果表明,1986-2001年15年间,研究区域内人类活动显著增强,草原景观的面积急剧减少、破碎化程度加剧,主导景观类型由较高、高盖度草原转变为中、低盖度草原,道路、城镇、农田周边的沙地景观扩张明显,草原植被状况恶化惊人。城镇景观破碎化程度下降,斑块集中连片,研究区域经济发展模式正处于由粗放型向城市化集约型模式转变的阶段。

Abstract: The dynamic spatial-temporal changes of landscape patterns in and around Halaer were analysed. First, the research area was divided into water, sand, farmland, city, and grassland based on remote sensing images of 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001, and on field investigations. Second, the grasslands were classified into highest coverage grassland, high coverage grassland, medium coverage grassland and low coverage grassland using a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Finally, the dynamic spatial-temporal changes of the eight kinds of landscape patterns were analyzed using landscape ecology principles. Human activities intensified significantly from 1986 to 2001 in the research area and the area of grassland landscape was rapidly reduced and the extent of fragmentation intensified. The dominant landscape in the research area changed from highest-high coverage grassland to medium-low coverage grassland. Expansion of the sand landscape was obvious in the periphery of roads, city and farmland while the grassland vegetation seriously degenerated. Fragmentation of the city landscape was reduced as patches decrease and became centralized. The economic development pattern of the research area is at a stage that is transforming from an extensive pattern to an intensive urbanization pattern.

中图分类号:

S812

张宏斌,杨桂霞,黄青,李刚,陈宝瑞,辛晓平. 呼伦贝尔草甸草原景观格局时空演变分析——以海拉尔及周边地区为例[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(1): 134-143.

ZHANG Hong-bin, YANG Gui-xia, HUANG Qing, LI Gang, CHEN Bao-rui, XIN Xiao-ping. Analysis of dynamic spatial-temporal changes of landscape patterns in Hulunber meadow steppes——Taking Hailaer and surrounding areas as an example[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(1): 134-143.

参考文献

[1] 邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[2] 梁国付,丁圣彦.河南黄河沿岸地区景观格局演变[J].地理学报,2005,60(4):665-672.
[3] Nagendra H, Pareeth S, Ghate R. People within parks-forest villages, land-cover change and landscape fragmentation in the Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve[J]. India Applied Geography, 2006,26(2):96-112.
[4] Su Y, Li Y, Cui J, et al. Influences of continuous grazing and livestock exclusion on soil properties in a degraded sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, northern China[J]. Catena, 2005, 59(3): 267-278.
[5] Wu R, Tiessen H. Effect of land use on soil degradation in alpine grassland soil, China[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2002, 66(5): 1648-1655.
[6] 黄青,王让会,吴世新. 塔里木河上游景观破碎化的时空动态变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(9):73-77.
[7] 何春阳,史培军,陈晋,等.北京地区土地利用/覆盖变化研究[J]. 地理研究,2001,20(6):679-687.
[8] 张镱锂,刘林山,摆万奇,等.黄河源地区草地退化空间特征[J].地理学报,2006,61(1):3-14.
[9] 王辉,袁宏波,徐向宏,等.黄河源区沙化草地区域景观特征[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1665-1670.
[10] 李洁,刘桂香,李景平,等.内蒙古杭锦旗荒漠草原近20年景观动态的研究[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):72-78.
[11] 王牧兰,包玉海,阿拉腾图雅,等.浑善达克沙地景观格局变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(5):121-125.
[12] 李月臣,刘春霞.锡林浩特市土地利用/覆盖变化研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(2):60-64.
[13] 曹成有,蒋德明,朱丽辉,等.科尔沁沙地草甸草场退化的原因与植物多样性变化[J].草业学报,2006,15(3):18-26.
[14] 陶伟国,徐斌,杨秀春.草原产草量遥感估算方法发展趋势及影响因素[J].草业学报,2007,16(2):1-8.
[15] 陈全功.江河源区草地退化与生态环境的综合治理[J].草业学报,2007,16(1):10-15.
[16] 陈全功,卫亚星,梁天刚.青海达日县退化草地研究I.退化草地遥感调查[J].草业学报,1998,7(2):58-63.
[17] 曹成有,蒋德明,朱丽辉.科尔沁沙地草甸草场退化的原因与植物多样性变化[J].草业学报,2006,15(3):18-26.
[18] 王乾,罗鹏,吴宁,等.道路对若尔盖高寒草地植被的影响研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,2007,29(3):54-61.
[19] 李建平,张柏,张树清.吉林省西部草地景观格局动态变化研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2006, 42(4):43-48.
[20] 乌云娜,李政海.锡林郭勒草原景观多样性的时间变化[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(1):58-63.
[21] 刘学录. 盐化草地景观中的斑块形状指数及其生态学意义[J].草业科学,2000,17(2):50-56.
[22] 张韬,徐当会,王辉,等. 疏勒河流域中下游景观格局特征与景观生态建设[J].草业科学,2007,24(4):19-22.
[23] 潘学清.中国呼伦贝尔草地[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1992.82-96.
[24] 李博.中国北方草地退化及其防治对策[J].中国农业科学,1999,30(6):1-6.
[25] 卢欣石,刘起,李守德,等.中国草情[M].北京:开明出版社,2002.16-25.
[26] 刘东霞,卢欣石,张兵兵.草原人口承载力评价——以陈巴尔虎旗为例[J].草业学报,2007,16(5):1-12.
[27] Komatsu Y, Tsunekawa A, Ju H. Evaluation of agricultural sustainability based on human carrying capacity in dryland-a case study in rural villages in Inner Mongolia,China[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005, 108: 29-43.
[28] 赵慧颖.呼伦贝尔草原沙化现状及防治对策[J].草业学报,2007,16(3):114-119.
[29] 张德平,王效科,哈斯,等.呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑研究(1)——形态、分类、研究意义[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(6):894-901.
[30] 马玉玲,余卫红,方修奇.呼伦贝尔草原对全球变暖的响应[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(1):29-33.
[31] 聂浩刚,岳乐平,尤木金,等.呼伦贝尔草原沙漠化现状、发展态势与成因分析[J].中国沙漠,2005, 25(5):635-639.
[32] 任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.16-52.
[33] 田庆久,闵祥军.植被指数研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(4):327-333.