Abstract: In order to provide a theoretical basis for further study and utilization of barnyard grass resources, the agronomic traits and karyotype of Large head barnyard grass (005) and goose head barnyard grass (031)were studied in 2007. The two barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli) variety were collected from different locations of Heilongjiang province. During the growth period, plant height, tiller number, leaf area, fresh weight, dry yield, and other major agronomic traits were determined and the actual production of the plot was tested. That the agronomic trait of two barnyard grass variety were good and fresh forage and hay yield have no significant differences under the current climatic condition in Heilongjiang province. Karyotape analysis indicates that the nucleus chromosome number of two barnyard grass variety are 2n=54. Large head barnyard grass is 2n=46m+8sm, Goose head barnyard grass is 2n=44m+10sm.