添加乳酸菌制剂和麸皮对去穗玉米秸秆青贮质量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017229

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阐明乳酸菌制剂和麸皮对去穗玉米秸秆在不同装填时间青贮质量的影响,利用自制青贮发酵桶研究了乳酸菌制剂Sila-Max、Sila-Mix及麸皮和在2种装填时间(1次和3次装填)条件下对去穗玉米秸秆青贮的发酵参数、营养组成、发酵后干物质含量、干物质损失率以及48 h体外干物质消化率的影响。结果表明:密封发酵45 d后,各试验组玉米秸秆青贮质量良好,未添加组中,3 d延迟装填使发酵产物的乙酸、氨氮、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、木质素、钙及干物质损失率分别提高了22.05%、50.00%、10.34%、5.19%、10.92%、20.51%和48.37%,干物质含量降低了7.37%,差异显著(P<0.05);1次装填,同时添加麸皮和Sila-Max组与未添加组相比,使发酵产物的乳酸、粗脂肪和干物质含量分别提高了22.98%、12.46%和5.57%,干物质损失率降低了39.27%,差异显著(P<0.05),添加Sila-Max组干物质含量提高了6.41%,干物质损失率降低了45.80%,差异显著(P<0.05),添加麸皮使粗蛋白含量降低了9.17%,差异显著(P<0.05);3次装填,添加Sila-Max组相比未添加组,使发酵产物的乙酸和木质素含量分别提高10.94%和9.14%,粗脂肪含量降低了11.29%,差异显著(P<0.05),添加麸皮组,使乙酸含量提高10.94%,粗脂肪含量降低了11.29%,差异显著(P<0.05),同时添加麸皮和Sila-Max使产物乙酸、木质素和干物质含量分别提高9.67%、12.13%和6.23%,粗脂肪含量和干物质损失率分别降低了15.81%和26.73%,差异显著(P<0.05);所有处理均未对去穗玉米秸秆青贮的48 h体外干物质消化率产生显著影响(P>0.05)。可见,延迟装填会使去穗玉米秸秆青贮的干物质含量降低,有氧发酵增加,降低发酵品质,增加干物质损失率,1次装填添加Sila-Max及其与麸皮混合添加均可以提高发酵品质,减少营养物质损失,3次装填同时添加Sila-Max和麸皮,不能提高发酵品质,但可以减少营养物质损失。

关键词: 青贮, 添加剂, 玉米秸秆, 装填时间, 青贮品质

Abstract: To elucidate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and bran on the quality of corn stover silage at two treatment times (harvest and harvest+3 days), the effect of three inoculants (Sila-Max, Sila-Mix and bran) on the nutritive value and fermentation parameters of ensiled corn stover was studied using 20 L self-made mini-silos for 45 d under ambient environmental conditions. The results demonstrated that all treatments made good quality corn silage in the mini-silos. In the uninoculated group, delaying ensiling time by 3 d significantly (P<0.05) increased the acetic acid, ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, lignin, calcium and dry matter loss by 22.05%, 50.00%, 10.34%, 5.19%, 10.92%, 20.51% and 48.37%, respectively, while decreasing dry matter content by 7.37%. For the harvest time treatment, Sila-Max+bran significantly (P<0.05) increased lactic acid, ether extract and crude protein by 22.98%, 12.46% and 5.57%, respectively, while decreasing dry matter loss by 39.27%; Sila-Max significantly (P<0.05) increased dry matter by 6.41%, decreased dry matter loss by 45.80%, and bran decreased crude protein by 9.17%. For the 3 d delayed ensiling, Sila-Max significantly (P<0.05) increased the acetic acid and lignin by 10.94% and 9.14%, respectively, decreased ether extract by 11.29%, while bran increased acetic acid by 10.94% and decreased ether extract by 11.29%. Sila-Max+bran significantly (P<0.05) increased acetic acid, lignin and dry matter by 9.67%, 12.13% and 6.23%, respectively, while decreasing ether extract and dry matter loss by 15.81% and 26.73%. All treatments were similar (P>0.05) for 48 h in vitro dry matter digestibility. In conclusion, delayed ensiling decreased dry matter and fermentation quality, enhance aerobic fermentation, increase dry matter loss. Sila-Max+bran enhanced corn silage fermentation quality and decrease nutrient loss when ensiled immediately but had no effect on fermentation quality when ensiling was delayed by 3 d.

Key words: silage, inoculants, corn stover, ensiling time, silage quality

王建福,雷赵民,成述儒,焦婷,李洁,吴建平. 添加乳酸菌制剂和麸皮对去穗玉米秸秆青贮质量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(4): 162-169.

WANG Jian-fu, LEI Zhao-min, CHENG Shu-ru, JIAO Ting, LI Jie, WU Jian-ping. Effects of lactic acid bacteria preparation and bran on corn stover silage quality[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(4): 162-169.

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