不同降水格局下填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田夏闲期土壤温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017263

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 田间盆栽试验研究了不同降水格局下填闲种植对冬小麦农田夏闲期土壤温室气体排放的影响。试验采用控制降水格局(自然降水和减半降水)和填闲作物(黑麦草单播、长武怀豆单播、黑麦草和怀豆混播、裸地对照)双因素处理设计, 利用静态箱-气相色谱法对土壤CO₂、N₂O和CH₄排放通量进行观测。结果表明:1)各处理土壤是CO₂、N₂O的排放源, 是CH₄的弱吸收汇。2)降水格局和填闲种植对土壤温室气体排放均具有显著影响。与自然降水相比, 减半降水的土壤CO₂日均排放通量降低了33%, N₂O日均排放通量降低了17.9%, 但对CH₄通量影响不大。3)与裸地对照相比, 单播黑麦草、长武怀豆和二者混播日均CO₂排放通量提高了140.8%、135.6%和137.7%, 不同填闲处理间差异不显著。而日均N₂O排放通量分别降低了8.0%、21.8%和27.4%, 其中单播长武怀豆和混播处理与单播黑麦草处理差异显著。单播长武怀豆处理土壤日均CH₄吸收通量较裸地对照、单播黑麦草和混播处理分别降低了65.8%、63.7%和68.9%。4)与自然降水相比, 减半降水农田综合增温潜势平均下降了26.1%, 温室气体排放强度平均提高了47.2%。而与裸地对照相比, 单播黑麦草、单播长武怀豆和二者混播处理综合增温潜势平均分别提高了67.9%、65.5%和67.8%, 且各填闲作物处理间差异不显著。与单播黑麦草和混播处理相比, 在冬小麦夏闲期单播长武怀豆具有更高的地上生物量和更低的温室气体排放强度, 在自然降水条件下能够兼顾经济效益与生态效益, 适宜在本地区加以推广种植。

关键词: 降水格局, 填闲作物, 温室气体, 综合增温潜势

Abstract: Cover cropping during the summer fallow period has various ecological benefits in dryland farming systems. However, its effect on greenhouse gas (CO₂, N₂O and CH₄) emissions is not well known. A rainfall-manipulated winter wheat pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of cover cropping on soil greenhouse gas emissions during summer fallow under different rainfall patterns. Two rainfall treatments (ambient and 50% ambient) and different cover crops (ryegrass 21.4 kg·ha^-1, Changwu soybean at a rate of 82.5 kg·ha^-1, ryegrass 10.7 kg·ha^-1 plus Changwu soybean 41.25 kg·ha^-1 and a no crop control) were compared in a completely randomized design. Soil CO₂, N₂O and CH₄ fluxes were measured using a static chamber gas chromatograph. Both CO₂ and N₂O were emitted but the soil acted as a weak sink for CH₄.The effects of both rainfall pattern and cover cropping were significant for soil greenhouse gas emissions during the summer fallow period. Compared with ambient rainfall, 50% rainfall decreased daily mean CO₂ and N₂O flux by 33% and 17.9% respectively, but had no effect on CH₄ flux when averaged across all cover crops. Compared with the control, ryegrass, Changwu soybean and the ryegrass/soybean mixed increased the daily mean CO₂ flux by 140.8%, 135.6% and 137.7%, and decreased the daily mean N₂O flux by 8.0%, 21.8% and 27.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference among different cover crops in CO₂ flux, the differences in N₂O flux between ryegrass with other two cover cropping treatments were significant. The daily mean CH₄ uptake in Changwu soybean was lower by 65.8%, 63.7% and 68.9% compared with those in the fallow control, ryegrass and mixed, respectively. Averaged across cover crops, the average global warming potential was 26.1% lower while greenhouse gas intensity was 47.2% higher under 50% compared to ambient rainfall. Averaged across rainfall patterns, the global warming potential was 67.9%, 65.5% and 67.8% higher in ryegrass, Changwu soybean and the ryegrass/soybean mixed respectively than the fallow control. Compared with ryegrass and the ryegrass/soybean mixed, Changwu soybean had a higher shoot biomass and a lower green house gas intensity, indicating that Changwu soybean is more suitable for cover cropping during the summer fallow period in the dryland areas of the Loess Plateau.

Key words: rainfall manipulation, cover crop, greenhouse gas emission, global warming potential

戈小荣, 王俊, 张祺, 付鑫, 李志鹏. 不同降水格局下填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田夏闲期土壤温室气体排放的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(5): 27-38.

GE Xiao-rong, WANG Jun, ZHANG Qi, FU Xin, LI Zhi-peng. Effect of cover cropping on soil greenhouse gas emissions during summer fallow under manipulated rainfall[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(5): 27-38.

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