秸秆及生物炭还田对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017261

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以油菜/玉米轮作农田生态系统为研究对象,根据“等碳量还田”原则设置了常规施肥(CK)、秸秆还田(CS)、秸秆+速腐剂还田(CSD)、生物炭还田(BC)、秸秆+生物炭1∶1还田(CSBC)处理,采用田间试验方法,研究了秸秆与生物炭还田下土壤有机碳及其活性碳组分的变化,以期为秸秆和生物炭还田及紫色土培肥提供依据。结果表明: 1) 与对照(CK)相比,各处理均能显著增加土壤总有机碳含量,增幅为31.26%~107.82%,其中以BC处理最显著,达到107.82%,且BC、CSBC处理显著高于CS、CSD处理,生物炭更有利于土壤固碳。2)土壤各活性有机碳含量在油菜角果期和玉米灌浆期最高,除玉米季土壤可溶性碳外,各处理微生物量碳(MBC)、可溶性碳(DOC)和易氧化态碳(ROC)含量大小顺序均为:CSD>CS>CSBC>BC>CK处理,秸秆与生物炭还田各处理的MBC、DOC和ROC含量分别为125.53~172.02 mg·kg^-1、102.73~79.07 mg·kg^-1和2.00~6.01 g·kg^-1。3)秸秆和秸秆+速腐剂的微生物熵、DOC/SOC、ROC/SOC显著高于生物炭和秸秆+生物炭。与CK相比,CS和CSD处理显著提高了土壤ROC/SOC,而BC和CSBC处理却显著低于CK处理14.33%~18.38%。秸秆、秸秆+速腐剂还田能促进微生物可直接利用的活性碳转化,提高土壤有机碳活性,改善土壤生物肥力。生物炭还田尽管其微生物活性较低,但土壤有机碳稳定性较高,可以促进土壤固碳。

关键词: 土壤活性有机碳, 秸秆, 生物炭, 紫色土

Abstract: The objective for this study was to provide a scientific basis for incorporation of straw and biochar into purple using the principle of ‘equivalent carbon’. The effects straw and biochar on soil organic carbon (SOC) and active carbon fractions were studied at the Experimental Farm of Southwest University. Five treatments including control (no organic material added, CK), straw (CS), straw plus decomposition agent (CSD), biochar (BC), 50% straw and 50% biochar (CSBC) were used (in maize season and rape season). SOC increased significantly in all treatments including added carbon, ranging from 31.26% to 107.82% but SOC content in the BC and CSBC treatments were significantly higher than the CS and CSD treatments, indicating a greater ability to sequester carbon sequestration from biochar. Soil active organic carbon reached the highest content during maize filling stage and rape pod ripening period. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) in different treatment were ranked CSD>CD>CSBC>BC>CK, during the maize season. The MBC, DOC and ROC content of straw and biochar related treatments ranged from 125.53-172.02 mg·kg^-1, 102.73-79.07 mg·kg^-1 and 2.00-6.01 g·kg^-1, respectively. Microbial entropy, the DOC∶SOC and ROC∶SOC ratio for CS and CSD treatments were significantly higher than that in BC and CSBC treatments. Compared with the control, CS and CSD treatments significantly improved the soil ROC∶SOC ratio. However, BC and CSBC treatments were 14.33%-18.38% lower than that of the CK. In summary, straw and straw with added decomposition agent was able to promote the transformation of active carbon, able to be directly used by microorganisms. These treatments also increased SOC and soil fertility. Compared with straw, biochar resulted in lower soil microbial activity. However, the higher stability of SOC in biochar treatments stimulated the accumulation of SOC.

Key words: soil active organic, straw, biochar, purple soil

黎嘉成, 高明, 田冬, 黄容, 徐国鑫. 秸秆及生物炭还田对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(5): 39-50.

LI Jia-cheng, GAO Ming, TIAN Dong, HUANG Rong, XU Guo-xin. Effects of straw and biochar on soil organic carbon and its active components[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(5): 39-50.

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