苜蓿草粉和黄酮对断奶仔猪结肠微生物区系的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018338

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究苜蓿草粉和苜蓿黄酮对断奶仔猪结肠微生物区系的影响。选取平均体重为(8.1±0.5) kg和胎次相近的(35±1)日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪120头,随机分成5组(每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别添加1(Ⅰ组)、2(Ⅱ组)、4(Ⅲ组)g·kg^-1的苜蓿黄酮和50 g·kg^-1的苜蓿草粉(Ⅳ组);预试验期3 d,正式试验期32 d。试验采集的结肠内容物,提取总DNA后在Illumina Miseq平台进行测序。结果表明:1)5个组共产生了484个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs),其中共享327个OTU,占总OTU数量的67.56%,其中Ⅰ组的OTU数量最高。2)物种丰富度ACE指数(community richness the ACE estimator,ACE)呈先上升再下降再上升趋势,其中Ⅰ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);物种丰富度Chao指数(community richness the Chao estimator,Chao)呈先上升再下降再上升趋势,其中Ⅰ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅳ组的Sobs(the observed richness,Sobs)、ACE、Chao指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组之间的Shannon指数和Simpson指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)在门水平上,各组间厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在属水平上,各组间梭菌属相对丰度有升高的趋势(P>0.05),其中Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组梭菌属相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组粪球菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。各组间真细菌属相对丰度有升高的趋势(P>0.05),其中Ⅱ组真细菌属相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各组间Anaerotruncus相对丰度有显著差异(P<0.05),其中Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各组间NC2004相对丰度有差异(P>0.05),其中Ⅲ组NC2004相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。各组间UCG-014、Erysipelotrichaceae和胃球菌属相对丰度有显著差异(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉和苜蓿黄酮能够改变结肠微生物细菌组成和结构,进而影响营养物质的消化代谢。

关键词: 苜蓿, 苜蓿黄酮, 断奶仔猪, 结肠, 微生物区系

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa meal and alfalfa flavonoids on colon microflora of weaned piglets. In this experiment, 120 weaned piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) of similar weight and parity, and aged (35±1) days were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 8 piglets per replicate. A control group was fed a basal diet and experimental groups were supplemented with 1 (group Ⅰ), 2 (group Ⅱ), or 4 (group Ⅲ) g·kg^-1 alfalfa flavonoids and 50 (group Ⅳ) g·kg^-1 alfalfa meal per kilo added to the basal diet. A pre-experiment feed-adjustment period of 3 d was provided, and the experiment lasted for 32 days. On the final day of the experiment, colonic contents were collected. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from the colonic contents and 16S rDNA sequences were obtained using the Illumina MiSeq platform. It was found that: 1) 484 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, and 327 OTUs (67.56% of the total OTUs) belonged to five main bacterial groups. The best additive amount of OTUs was the value in treatment group Ⅰ. 2) Across treatment groups from control to Ⅳ, both ACE index and Chao index first increased, then decreased and finally increased, with group Ⅰ significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control group. Compared with the control group, Sobs, ACE and Chao indexes of group Ⅳ were not significantly different (P>0.05). The Shannon and Simpson indexes displayed no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). 3) At the phylum level, between the bacterial groups Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, no significant differences in relative abundance were observed (P>0.05). At the genus level, relative abundance of Clostridium relative displayed a rising trend across the treatment series (P>0.05), with Clostridium relative abundance in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, compared with the control group, significantly increased (P<0.05). Similarly, compared with the control group, relative abundance of Coprococcus 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05) in group Ⅱ, while Anaerotruncus relative abundance was significantly increased (P<0.05) in treatment groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ, and relative abundance of NC2004 was significantly increased in treatment group Ⅲ (P<0.05). UCG-014, Erysipelotrichaceae and Ruminococcaceae also displayed significant differences in relative abundance between treatment groups. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with alfalfa meal and alfalfa flavonoids can change the taxonomic composition and community structure of colonic bacteria of weaned piglets, further affecting digestion and metabolism of the nutrients.

Key words: alfalfa, alfalfa flavonoids, weaned piglets, colon, microflora

曲根, 刘建宇, 郭志鹏, 王苗利, 管永卓, 张靖雪, 郭玉霞, 严学兵, 张明. 苜蓿草粉和黄酮对断奶仔猪结肠微生物区系的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 175-184.

QU Gen, LIU Jian-yu, GUO Zhi-peng, WANG Miao-li, GUAN Yong-zhuo, ZHANG Jing-xue, GUO Yu-xia, YAN Xue-bing, ZHANG Ming. Effects of alfalfa meal and alfalfa flavonoids on colon microflora of weaned piglets[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(6): 175-184.

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