江淮地区不同轮茬作物对苜蓿产量及根际土壤质量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阐明江淮地区不同轮茬作物对苜蓿产量及根际土壤质量的影响,以苜蓿生长4年翻耕灭茬重新种植1年为对照(CK),研究了不同轮茬处理(3年苜蓿-玉米-苜蓿记作T₁,3年苜蓿-高粱-苜蓿记作T₂),利用传统法测定苜蓿产量及不同土层土壤理化性质,使用试剂盒测定根际土壤酶活性,通过高通量测序法对根际土壤细菌群落多样性进行了分析。结果表明: 轮茬玉米(T₁)及轮茬高粱(T₂)后苜蓿产量分别是苜蓿连种(CK)的1.27和1.13倍;轮茬高粱使土壤pH、有机质含量显著增加(P<0.05),轮茬玉米土壤总氮含量显著增加(P<0.05),轮茬玉米及轮茬高粱显著提高了土壤速效钾含量(P<0.05);不同轮茬均能减轻土壤容重,且轮茬高粱更为显著;与苜蓿连种相比,轮茬玉米与轮茬高粱土壤过氧化氢酶及土壤脲酶活性均显著高于苜蓿连种土壤(P<0.05);借助高通量测序法对根际土壤细菌群落结构多样性分析表明,各处理土壤前3位高丰度表达优势细菌门均为变形菌、拟杆菌和厚壁菌;轮茬玉米与轮茬高粱处理根际土壤细菌种群数量显著高于CK,OTU数量分别是苜蓿连种土壤的1.25和1.39倍,且轮茬高粱处理的土壤细菌Shannon、Chao、Sobs多样性指数显著高于苜蓿连作土壤(P<0.05);而在细菌相对丰度上,苜蓿连作土壤中变形菌及厚壁菌相对丰度显著高于轮茬处理(P<0.05),而轮茬土壤中绿湾菌及浮霉菌要显著高于连作土壤(P<0.05)。综上表明,江淮地区轮茬较苜蓿连作更有助于提高土壤肥力及土壤酶活性,稳定细菌群落结构,改良土壤,提高土地生产力进而提高产量。

关键词: 苜蓿, 轮茬, 土壤细菌群落结构, 土壤酶活性, 高通量测序

Abstract: In order to determine the effects of different crop rotations on alfalfa yield and soil quality in the Jiang-huai area, an experiment was set up with the following three crop rotation treatments: (i) a Control (CK) with four years of continuous monoculture alfalfa, then replanted for one year of measurement; (ii) a 3-year sequence of alfalfa-maize-alfalfa (T₁); and (iii) a 3-year sequence of alfalfa-sorghum-alfalfa (T₂). Traditional methods were used to determine the alfalfa yield and physical and chemical properties of the soil in different soil depths. Enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil were determined using proprietary analytical kits, and the diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil was determined by Illumina Miseq analysis. Incorporation of maize and sorghum into the rotation significantly improved alfalfa yield in the final measurement year. Specifically, alfalfa yield in T₁ and T₂ was, respectively, 1.27 and 1.13 times higher than that in the continuous alfalfa (CK) treatment. Maize rotation (T₁) significantly (P<0.05) increased soil total nitrogen, while inclusion of sorghum in the rotation (T₂) significantly (P<0.05) increased soil pH and organic matter. Both maize and sorghum rotations significantly (P<0.05) increased the soil available potassium content. Sorghum rotation (T₂) significantly (P<0.05) increased soil pH and soil organic matter content. T₁ and T₂ treatments reduced soil bulk density; the sorghum rotation more so than the maize rotation. Compared with alfalfa continuous cropping, catalase and urease activities in soils of the maize and sorghum rotations were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in CK-treatment soil. The Illumina Miseq analysis indicated that the soil bacterial community diversity was significantly higher in T₁ and T₂ soils than in CK, and the OTU count was, respectively, 1.25 and 1.39 times higher than that in the continuous alfalfa CK treatment. In addition, the Shannon, Chao, and Sobs diversity indices in T₂ soil were significantly higher than in CK (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in CK soil was significantly higher than that in T₁ and T₂ soils, while the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes in CK soil was significantly lower than in the T₁ and T₂ soils. It was concluded that the maize and sorghum crop rotations improved soil fertility and soil enzyme activities, stabilized bacterial community structure and thus increased the alfalfa yield.

Key words: alfalfa, rotation, soil bacteria community composition, soil enzyme activities, Illumina Miseq

李争艳, 徐智明, 师尚礼, 贺春贵. 江淮地区不同轮茬作物对苜蓿产量及根际土壤质量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(8): 28-39.

LI Zheng-yan, XU Zhi-ming, SHI Shang-li, HE Chun-gui. Effects of different crop rotations on alfalfa yield and soil quality in the Jiang-huai area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(8): 28-39.

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