氮、磷添加下AMF对羊草和苜蓿生长与光合生理特性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019459

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 丛枝菌根共生对植物养分利用效率起重要作用,豆科和禾本科牧草混播可以有效提高草地产量,而适量外源氮、磷的添加同样可以促进牧草的生长。为了更好地改善对草地的利用效率,将混播、AMF以及氮、磷添加有效结合将会是其中的一条途径。因此,通过以丛枝菌根真菌的有无(+/-AMF)为主处理,不同氮、磷添加量(N₀,N₁,N₂)为副处理,研究豆禾共存群落植株的生长及其光合作用的响应,结果表明:1)AMF对羊草和苜蓿净光合速率均有改善,而且对羊草净光合速率影响显著。2)光响应曲线分析表明,羊草和苜蓿净光合速率均随光强的增加而升高,且羊草净光合速率在+AMF条件下均高于-AMF。 3)AMF显著提高了羊草和苜蓿叶绿素含量,不同氮、磷添加量条件下,+AMF处理的羊草和苜蓿的叶绿素含量均高于-AMF处理。 4)氮、磷添加量和AMF处理显著影响羊草和苜蓿生物量,豆禾混播草地共存群落的处理以+AMF+N₂处理为宜。

关键词: 光合特性, 净光合速率, 叶绿素, 总鲜重

Abstract: Symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and forage plants plays an important role in the utilization efficiency of plant nutrients in grassland. Mixed sowing of legumes and grasses can effectively increase grassland yield through biological N fixation, and the addition of appropriate amounts of external nitrogen and phosphorus can also further promote herbage growth. In order to better manage the utilization efficiency of grassland in the future, the optimal combination of plant species, AMF and nitrogen and phosphorus will need to be known. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with the presence or absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (+/- AMF) as the main treatment, and different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer additions (N₀, no added N or P; N₁, 2.0 g N and 0.2 g P·m^-2; N₂, 20.0 g N and 2.0 g P·m^-2) as secondary treatments, to study the plant growth and photosynthesis response of coexisting alfalfa communities. It was found that: 1) AMF significantly improved the net photosynthetic rate of Leymus chinensis and Medicago sativa. 2) The light response curve indicated that the net photosynthetic rate of L. chinensis and M. sativa increased with increase in light intensity, and the net photosynthetic rate of +AMF L. chinensis was higher than -AMF L. chinensis. 3) AMF significantly increased the chlorophyll content of L. chinensis and M. sativa. Under different nitrogen and phosphorus application rates, the chlorophyll content of +AMF L. chinensis and M. sativa +AMF was higher than that of the -AMF treatments. 4) The application rate of nitrogen and phosphorus and the AMF treatment significantly affected the biomass of L. chinensis and M. sativa. In this research, treatment that optimized herbage production of coexisting communities of alfalfa-grass mixed grassland was +AMF+N₂.

Key words: photosynthetic characteristics, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll, total fresh weight

单立文, 张强, 朱瑞芬, 孔晓蕾, 陈积山. 氮、磷添加下AMF对羊草和苜蓿生长与光合生理特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(8): 46-57.

SHAN Li-wen, ZHANG Qiang, ZHU Rui-feng, KONG Xiao-lei, CHEN Ji-shan. Effects of AMF on growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Leymus chinensis and Medicago sativa with and without nitrogen and phosphorus application[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(8): 46-57.

参考文献

[1] Zhao L, Wang H, Liang Z W, et al. Leaf N and P stoichiometry of Leymus chinensis in relation to soil properties in saline-alkali degraded grassland. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(5): 768-774.
赵龙, 王化, 梁正伟, 等. 松嫩盐碱退化草地羊草叶氮、磷化学计量与土壤因子关系研究. 植物研究, 2016, 36(5): 768-774.
[2] Smith S E, Read D J.Mycorrhizal symbiosis (2nd). London: Academic Press, 1997.
[3] Liu R J, Li X L.Arbuscular mycorrhiza and its application. Beijing: Science Press, 2000.
刘润进, 李晓林. 丛枝菌根及其应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000.
[4] Koide R T, Mosse B.A history of research on arbuscular mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza, 2004, 14(3): 145-163.
[5] Wu Q S, Xia R X.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence growth, osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of citrus under well watered and water stress conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2006, 163(4): 417-425.
[6] Yang Y, Tang M, Sulpice R, et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter fractal dimension characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings through regulating plant growth, leaf water status, photosynthesis, and nutrient concentration under drought stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2014, 33: 612-625.
[7] Chen B D, Li X J, Xu T L, et al. Advances in the biogeography of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(4): 1167-1175.
陈保冬, 李雪静, 徐天乐, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌生物地理学研究进展. 生态学报, 2018, 38(4): 1167-1175.
[8] Feng G, Yang M Q, Bai D S, et al. Effect of inoculating with vescular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the P nutrient and growth of cotton. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 1994, 3(2): 75-80.
冯固, 杨茂秋, 白灯莎, 等. VA菌根真菌对棉花磷素吸收及生长的效应. 西北农业学报, 1994, 3(2): 75-80.
[9] Ma Q, Huang J G.Mycorrhizal and their effects on mineral nutrients of plant. Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences, 2003, 28(2): 41-43.
马琼, 黄建国. 菌根及其在植物吸收矿质元素营养中的作用. 吉林农业科学, 2003, 28(2): 41-43.
[10] Deng Y, Luo W Q, Zhu J S, et al. Effects of AMF on growth of maize under different N and P supply levels. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008, 24(12): 301-303.
邓胤, 罗文倩, 朱金山, 等. 不同氮磷水平条件下接种AMF对玉米生长的影响. 中国农学通报, 2008, 24(12): 301-303.
[11] Bao Y Y, Yan W.Arbuscular mycorrhizae and their structural types on common plants in grasslands of mid-western Inner Mongolia. Biodiversity Science, 2004, (5): 501-508.
包玉英, 闫伟. 内蒙古中西部草原主要植物的丛枝菌根及其结构类型研究. 生物多样性, 2004, (5): 501-508.
[12] Tilak K V B R, Ranganayaki N, Manoharachari C. Synergistic effects of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria and Rhizobium on nodulation and nitrogen fixation by pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). European Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 57(1): 67-71.
[13] Zhen L N, Wang R M, Zhou F, et al. Influence of AM fungi on the growth of Leymus chinensis under phosphorus applying at different rate. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2015, 37(6): 56-61.
甄莉娜, 王润梅, 周凤, 等. 不同施磷水平下AM真菌对羊草生长的影响. 中国草地学报, 2015, 37(6): 56-61.
[14] Zhen L N, Wang R M, Yang J X, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of Leymus chinensis. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2018, 40(3): 49-54.
甄莉娜, 王润梅, 杨俊霞, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌与氮肥对羊草生长的影响. 中国草地学报, 2018, 40(3): 49-54.
[15] Zhu X C, Song F B, Xu H W.Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic characteristics of maize under low temperature stress. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(2): 470-475.
朱先灿, 宋凤斌, 徐洪文. 低温胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对玉米光合特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(2): 470-475.
[16] Zhu X C, Song F B, Xu H W.Arbuscular mycorrhizae improves low temperature stress in maize via alterations in host water status and photosynthesis. Plant and Soil, 2010, 331(1): 129-137.
[17] Huang Z, Xu W P, Yu F B, et al. Photosynthesis responses of Cucumis melo seedlings to glomus under low light and salt stress. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2018, 38(2): 307-315.
黄志, 许炜萍, 郁昉斌, 等. 接种AMF对弱光环境及盐胁迫下甜瓜光合特性的影响. 西北植物学报, 2018, 38(2): 307-315.
[18] Toro M, AZC&#x0dbc0;&#x0dd95;N R, Barea J M. The use of isotopic dilution techniques to evaluate the interactive effects of Rhizobium genotype, mycorrhizal fungi, phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria and rock phosphate on nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition by Medicago sativa. New Phytologist, 1998, 138(2): 265-273.
[19] Goicoechea N, Baslam M, Erice G, et al. Increased photosynthetic acclimation in alfalfa associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and cultivated in greenhouse under elevated CO₂. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2014, 171(18): 1774-1781.
[20] Liu Q, Gao Y N, Liu X, et al. Effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia on growth of Medicago sativa under saline-alkaline stress. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(17): 6143-6155.
刘倩, 高娅妮, 柳旭, 等. 混合盐碱胁迫下接种丛枝菌根真菌和根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿生长的影响. 生态学报, 2018, 38(17): 6143-6155.
[21] Gan C Y, Yao R L, Xiang D Y, et al. Responses of growth in Toona sinensis seedlings colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to drought stress. Guangxi Forestry Science, 2013, 42(1): 20-24.
甘春雁, 姚瑞玲, 项东云, 等. 丛枝菌根化香椿幼苗对干旱胁迫的生长响应. 广西林业科学, 2013, 42(1): 20-24.
[22] Xu S J.Study on effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on severe drought and heat wave resistance of kiwifruit cuttings. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2008.
徐淑君. 丛枝菌根真菌对猕猴桃高温干旱抗性研究. 重庆: 西南大学, 2008.
[23] Graham J H, Syvertsen J P, Smith Jr M L. Water relations of mycorrhizal and phosphorus fertilized non-mycorrhizal citrus under drought stress. New Phytologist, 1987, 105(3): 411-419.
[24] Wang S C, Wang Y L.Study on mixed sowing of Leymus chinensis and alfalfa in semi-arid hilly region of southern Ningxia. Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2016, 57(2): 7-22.
王思成, 王月玲. 宁南半干旱黄土丘陵区羊草与紫花苜蓿混播效应研究. 宁夏农林科技, 2016, 57(2): 7-22.
[25] Cai H, Dong L, Xing Y M, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on alkali tolerance of alfalfa under alkali stress. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2019, 50(10): 40-46.
才华, 董理, 邢易梅, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌对碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿耐碱性的影响. 东北农业大学学报, 2019, 50(10): 40-46.
[26] Wang X Y, Peng L Q, Jin Z X.Effects of AMF inoculation on growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of sinocalycanthus chinensis under conditions of simulated warming. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(16): 5204-5214.
王晓燕, 彭礼琼, 金则新. 模拟增温条件下接种AMF对夏蜡梅幼苗生长与光合生理特性的影响. 生态学报, 2016, 36(16): 5204-5214.
[27] Zeng S C, Su Z Y, Chen B G, et al. Effects of VA mycorrhiza (VAM) on nutrient acquisition and transmission of plants. Journal of Southwest Forestry College, 2005, (1): 72-75.
曾曙才, 苏志尧, 陈北光, 等. VA菌根真菌对植物养分吸收与传递的影响. 西南林学院学报, 2005, (1): 72-75.
[28] Wu W, Zhao J.Advances on plants’nitrogen assimilation and utilization. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(13): 75-78.
吴巍, 赵军. 植物对氮素吸收利用的研究进展. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(13): 75-78.
[29] Evans J R, von Caemmerer S. Carbon dioxide diffusion inside leaves. Plant Physiology, 1996, 110(2): 339-346.
[30] Zheng S Y, Guo S R, Zhang Y, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on characteristics of photosynthesis, microbial diversity and enzymes activity in rhizosphere of pepper plants cultivated in organic substrate. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2014, 34(4): 800-809.
郑舜怡, 郭世荣, 张钰, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌对辣椒光合特性及根际微生物多样性和酶活性的影响. 西北植物学报, 2014, 34(4): 800-809.
[31] Wang W H, Li M, Liu R J, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some physiological index of Zingiber officinace Rosc. Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College, 2003, 20(3): 175-177.
[32] Marschner H, Dell B.Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant and Soil, 1994, 159(1): 89-102.
[33] Wang X Y, Wang D M, Chen B D, et al. Growth response of white clover to inoculation with different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(6): 1456-1462.
王晓英, 王冬梅, 陈保冬, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌群落对白三叶草生长的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(6): 1456-1462.
[34] Su Y B, Lin C, Wang S G.Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on phosphatase in utilizing soil P in the rhizosphere of corn. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 2003, (2): 115-119, 130.
苏友波, 林春, 王三根. AM菌根磷酸酶对玉米菌根际土壤磷的影响及其细胞化学定位. 西南农业大学学报, 2003, (2): 115-119, 130.
[35] Deng Y, Shen H, Luo W Q, et al. Effects of AMF on key enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in maize under different ammonium to nitrate ratios. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2009, 15(6): 1380-1385.
邓胤, 申鸿, 罗文倩, 等. 不同氮素形态比例条件下接种AMF对玉米氮同化关键酶的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(6): 1380-1385.
[36] Wang Y N, Tao S, Hua X Y, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and physiological metabolism of Leymus chinensis under salt-alkali stress. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(6): 2187-2194.
王英男, 陶爽, 华晓雨, 等. 盐碱胁迫下AM真菌对羊草生长及生理代谢的影响. 生态学报, 2018, 38(6): 2187-2194.
[37] Zhou X, Liang Y J, Zhang C H, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, nutrition and drought resistance of flue-cured tobacco seedlings. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2012, 27(3): 181-185.
周霞, 梁永江, 张长华, 等. 接种AM真菌对烤烟生长、营养及抗旱性的影响. 华北农学报, 2012, 27(3): 181-185.
[38] Xu Z G, He Y, Yan B X, et al. Effects of nutrients and water level fluctuation on wetland plants. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2006, 25(1): 87-92.
徐治国, 何岩, 闫百兴, 等. 营养物及水位变化对湿地植物的影响. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(1): 87-92.
[39] Zhang L H, Song C C, Wang D X, et al. Effects of exogenous nitrogen on freshwater marsh plant growth and N₂O fluxes in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Atmospheric Environment, 2007, 41(5): 1080-1090.
[40] Magill A H, Aber J D, Berntson G M, et al. Long-term nitrogen additions and nitrogen saturation in two temperate forests. Ecosystems, 2000, 3(3): 238-253.
[41] Zhai Z W, Gong J R, Luo Q P, et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on photosynthetic characteristics of Leymus chinensis in the temperate grassland of Nei Mongol, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(2): 196-208.
翟占伟, 龚吉蕊, 罗亲普, 等. 氮添加对内蒙古温带草原羊草光合特性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(2): 196-208.
[42] Janousková M, Rydlová J, Püschel D, et al. Extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi radiating from large plant depresses the growth of nearby seedlings in a nutrient deficient substrate. Mycorrhiza, 2011, 21(7): 641-650.
[43] Jiang W, Guan X Q, Yu J C.Biological nitrogen fixation and intensive grassland livestock husbandry. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2003, 12(6): 42-46.
姜薇, 关秀清, 于井朝. 生物固氮在集约化草地畜牧业中的作用. 草业学报, 2003, 12(6): 42-46.
[44] Wang P, Zhou D W, Jiang S C.Research on biological nitrogen fixation of grass-legume mixtures in a semi-arid area of China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(6): 276-280.
王平, 周道玮, 姜世成. 半干旱地区禾-豆混播草地生物固氮作用研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(6): 276-280.
[45] Zhu Y G, Laidlaw A S, Christie P, et al. The specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000, 77(3): 211-218.