混播比例和施氮肥对箭筈豌豆/燕麦草地根系特性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 豆科和禾本科牧草混播是栽培草地的重要模式之一,能显著改善土壤,提升系统可持续生产能力。牧草根系是土壤有机质返还的重要来源,但混播草地中牧草根系特性的变化尚不清楚。以箭筈豌豆和燕麦草地为对象,研究了不同施氮肥水平和混播比例下其根生物量、根性状的变化。结果表明:1)混播比例和施氮肥对草地根生物量和根性状有显著交互作用,混播草地根生物量显著大于单播;与高氮肥处理相比,根生物量在低、中氮肥处理下更高;高氮肥对根长、比根长、根表面积和比根面积在植物生长前期表现为抑制作用,在生长后期随混播中箭筈豌豆比例的增大,抑制作用减轻。2)混播条件下土壤硝态氮含量大于单播,而土壤铵态氮含量仅在乳熟期时大于单播,且随混播中箭筈豌豆比例增大,矿质氮含量增加;施氮肥对0~30 cm土层中的矿质氮含量有显著影响,其含量在施氮肥100 kg·hm^-2下最高,不施肥下最小。3)根生物量与土壤硝态氮含量间显著正相关,根长、根表面积、根体积与土壤硝态氮含量间显著负相关。综上,混播中箭筈豌豆比例的增加有助于改善土壤矿质氮,优化混播草地根性状。

关键词: 豆/禾混播, 根性状, 混播比例, 氮肥, 土壤氮

Abstract: Legume-grass mixtures are common in cultivated grasslands, and such mixtures can significantly improve soil fertility and enhance the natural productivity. Root litter is an important source of soil organic matter, but the reciprocal impact of each species on the root characteristics of the other species in forage mixtures is still not clear. The reciprocal impacts on root biomass and root traits in mixtures comprising common vetch and oats were studied under different nitrogen fertilizer levels and ratios of plant numbers of the two species in the mixture (mixing ratios) or in pure stands. 1) There were significant interactions between mixing ratio and nitrogen fertilization for root biomass and root traits. Root biomass values of the mixtures were significantly greater than those of the monocultures. Root biomass was greater at low and medium fertilization levels, than at high fertilization levels. There was an inhibition effect of high nitrogen fertilizer on root length, specific root length, root surface area and specific root area in the early stages of plant development, and the inhibition effect decreased with increase in common vetch proportion in the mixtures in the later stages of plant development. 2) The content of nitrate nitrogen in the mixtures was greater than that in the monocultures, but the content of ammonium nitrogen in the mixtures was greater than that in the monocultures only at the milk stage of grain development. The content of mineral nitrogen increased with the increase in common vetch proportion. Nitrogen fertilization significantly affected mineral nitrogen content in 0-30 cm soil layers and was highest under 100 kg·ha^-1 nitrogen fertilization, and lowest without nitrogen fertilization. 3) There was a significant positive correlation between soil nitrate nitrogen content and root biomass, and there were significant negative correlations with root length, root surface area and root volume. In summary, increase in the common vetch proportion in the mixtures was helpful to improve soil the mineral nitrogen of soil and optimize the root traits of the mixed stands of common vetch and oats.

Key words: legume/grass mixture, root trait, mixing ratio, nitrogen fertilizer, soil nitrogen

吴晓娟, 杨梅, 芦奕晓, 杨惠敏. 混播比例和施氮肥对箭筈豌豆/燕麦草地根系特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(9): 106-116.

WU Xiao-juan, YANG Mei, LU Yi-xiao, YANG Hui-min. Effects of mixing ratio and nitrogen fertilization on root characteristics in the common vetch/oat mixture[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(9): 106-116.

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