施氮水平对甜高粱干物质产量及氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019287

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究氮肥施用对饲用甜高粱生长及氮肥利用率的影响,明确长江下游农区种植的适宜施氮量,采用大田试验,以“大力士”为试验材料,研究了不同施氮水平(0、100、200、300 kg·hm^-2,分别用N₀、N₁、N₂、N₃表示)对甜高粱生物量、氮素吸收和分配以及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:1)甜高粱生物量及生长速率随氮肥用量的增加而增加,N₂及N₃处理间无显著差异(P>0.05),采用线性加平台分析表明,拔节期收获最大生物量所需的最低氮肥用量为244.50 kg·hm^-2;2)随生育期的推进,叶片氮素分配比例降低,茎秆氮素分配比例增加;随着供氮量的增加,叶片和茎秆氮素浓度及累积量、茎秆氮素分配比例均显著增加,叶片氮素分配比例降低;3)干物质生产效率及氮素干物质生产效率均随氮肥用量的增加而降低,不同处理间氮素农艺效率无显著性差异,氮肥表观回收率以N₂处理最高。因此,氮肥施用对甜高粱的生长起着重要的作用,长江下游农区饲用甜高粱种植的每茬氮肥用量以244.50 kg N·hm^-2为宜。过量施用氮肥不仅不会持续提高甜高粱的生物量,还会导致氮肥利用率的降低。

关键词: 甜高粱, 氮肥施用, 氮肥利用率, 氮素含量

Abstract: This research studied the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the growth and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), in order to define the appropriate nitrogen application rate in the lower Yangtze River region. A field experiment was conducted with four nitrogen application rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg·ha^-1; designated N₀, N₁, N₂ and N₃, respectively) and data on plant biomass, nitrogen uptake and allocation pattern and the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, were collected. It was found that: 1) The biomass and growth rate of sweet sorghum were increased with increase in nitrogen application rate, but no significant difference in biomass was observed between N₂ and N₃ treatments (P>0.05). The minimum nitrogen fertilizer required for harvesting the maximum biomass at the jointing stage in sweet sorghum was found by linear and platform analysis to be 244.50 kg·ha^-1; 2) As plant development progressed, the proportion of nitrogen allocated to leaves decreased while stem allocation increased. The nitrogen concentration, accumulated total N, and the proportion of nitrogen allocated to stems all increased significantly with increasing in nitrogen supply; 3) Both the nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen recovery efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen supply, though no significant differences were observed for nitrogen agronomic efficiency among different treatments, and the highest nitrogen recovery efficiency was found to be in the N₂ treatment. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in regulating the growth of sweet sorghum, and the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer for sweet sorghum planting in the lower Yangtze River region is estimated from this research to be 244.50 kg N·ha^-1. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer led to a decreased nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency instead of a further increase in sweet sorghum biomass.

Key words: sweet sorghum, nitrogen application, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen content

高丽敏, 田倩, 苏晶, 沈益新. 施氮水平对甜高粱干物质产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4): 192-198.

GAO Li-min, TIAN Qian, SU Jing, SHEN Yi-xin. Effects of nitrogen application on dry matter yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4): 192-198.

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