草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 161-170.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020109
李成一1(), 李希来1,2,3(), 杨元武1, 李宏林2, 梁德飞2
收稿日期:
2020-03-12
修回日期:
2020-07-06
出版日期:
2020-12-28
发布日期:
2020-12-28
通讯作者:
李希来
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: xilai-li@163.com基金资助:
Cheng-yi LI1(), Xi-lai LI1,2,3(), Yuan-wu YANG1, Hong-lin LI2, De-fei LIANG2
Received:
2020-03-12
Revised:
2020-07-06
Online:
2020-12-28
Published:
2020-12-28
Contact:
Xi-lai LI
摘要:
选取三江源区果洛州不同坡度退化程度相近的高寒草甸,进行氮添加试验,运用Miseq PE250测序技术对土壤细菌16s rDNA进行序列测定和分析,探讨3个氮添加水平低等量氮添加(LN, 2 g N·m-2)、中等量氮添加(MN, 5 g N·m-2)、高等量氮添加(HN, 10 g N·m-2)对不同坡度退化草地土壤细菌多样性的影响。结果表明:放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是研究区草地土壤中最主要的两大类群。缓坡地与陡坡地土壤细菌个别丰度极低的门以及61.4%以上(包括未鉴定的细菌属)细菌属存在显著差异(P<0.05)。不同施氮水平对退化高寒草地各细菌门以及大部分细菌属影响不显著,对一些丰度较低的属的影响显著(P<0.05),且在不同坡度所响应的细菌属不同。无论是缓坡地还是陡坡地,氮添加对退化高寒草甸土壤细菌群落结构存在显著差异(P<0.05),土壤微生物丰富度和多样性整体上呈现出随着施氮量增加先减少后增加的趋势,中等量氮添加显著降低了土壤细菌丰富度和多样性,高水平氮添加显著抑制了土壤细菌的丰富度和多样性的下降(P<0.05),说明氮添加对细菌多样性的影响具有阈值限制性。
李成一, 李希来, 杨元武, 李宏林, 梁德飞. 氮添加对不同坡度退化高寒草甸土壤细菌多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(12): 161-170.
Cheng-yi LI, Xi-lai LI, Yuan-wu YANG, Hong-lin LI, De-fei LIANG. Effect of nitrogen addition on soil bacterial diversity in alpine degraded grasslands of differing slope[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(12): 161-170.
图2 韦恩图a,缓坡地氮添加OTUs数目情况;b,陡坡地氮添加OTUs数目情况; c,缓坡与陡坡地总OTUs数目情况。a, Number of OTUs added to nitrogen on gentle slopes; b, Number of OTUs added to nitrogen on steep slopes; c, Total OTUs on gentle and steep slopes.
Fig.2 Venn
图5 缓坡地氮添加对细菌稀有属丰度的影响A:伯克氏菌属Chitinimonas;B:杆菌属Lacibacter;C:产碱菌属Azohydromonas;D:酸杆菌属Acidibacter;E:生丝微菌属Hyphomicrobium;F:斯科曼氏菌属Williamsia;G:泉发菌属Terrimonas.
Fig.5 Effect of nitrogen addition on the abundance of rare genera of bacteria on gentle slope
图6 陡坡地氮添加对细菌稀有属丰度的影响A:发酵单胞菌属Zymomonas;B:鼎湖杆菌属Dinghuibacter;C:立克次体属Rickettsia;D:黄杆菌属Luteolibacter;E:根霉菌属Rhizomicrobium;F:微酸菌属Ilumatobacter;G:玫瑰螺旋菌属Skermanella.
Fig.6 Effect of nitrogen addition on the abundance of rare genera of bacteria on steep slope
坡度 Slope | 细菌属 Genera of bacteria | P值 P-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK/LN | CK/MN | CK/HN | LN/MN | LN/HN | MN/HN | ||
缓坡 Gentle slope | 伯克氏菌属 Chitinimonas | 1.000 | 0.002 | 1.000 | 0.002 | 1.000 | 0.002 |
杆菌属 Lacibacter | 0.143 | 0.007 | 1.000 | 0.227 | 0.143 | 0.007 | |
产碱菌属 Azohydromonas | 0.034 | 0.233 | 0.003 | 0.351 | 0.412 | 0.080 | |
酸杆菌属 Acidibacter | 0.003 | 0.193 | 0.087 | 0.102 | 0.220 | 0.683 | |
生丝微菌属 Hyphomicrobium | 0.316 | 0.504 | 0.005 | 0.738 | 0.074 | 0.034 | |
斯科曼氏菌属 Williamsia | 0.065 | 0.282 | 0.443 | 0.443 | 0.009 | 0.065 | |
泉发菌属 Terrimonas | 0.049 | 0.655 | 0.110 | 0.016 | 0.710 | 0.041 | |
陡坡 Steep slope | 发酵单胞菌属 Zymomonas | 0.494 | 0.003 | 1.000 | 0.022 | 0.494 | 0.003 |
鼎湖杆菌属 Dinghuibacter | 0.192 | 0.004 | 1.000 | 0.117 | 0.192 | 0.004 | |
立克次体属 Rickettsia | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
黄杆菌属 Luteolibacter | 0.338 | 0.211 | 0.061 | 0.027 | 0.005 | 0.532 | |
根霉菌属 Rhizomicrobium | 0.128 | 0.206 | 0.911 | 0.005 | 0.102 | 0.249 | |
微酸菌属 Ilumatobacter | 0.019 | 0.434 | 0.017 | 0.118 | 0.970 | 0.109 | |
玫瑰螺旋菌属 Skermanella | 0.334 | 0.193 | 0.147 | 0.023 | 0.016 | 0.882 |
表1 不同坡度氮添加处理Kruskal-Wallis单因素AVOVA多重比较
Table 1 Multiple comparisons of Kruskal-Wallis single factor AVOVA treated by nitrogen addition at different slopes
坡度 Slope | 细菌属 Genera of bacteria | P值 P-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK/LN | CK/MN | CK/HN | LN/MN | LN/HN | MN/HN | ||
缓坡 Gentle slope | 伯克氏菌属 Chitinimonas | 1.000 | 0.002 | 1.000 | 0.002 | 1.000 | 0.002 |
杆菌属 Lacibacter | 0.143 | 0.007 | 1.000 | 0.227 | 0.143 | 0.007 | |
产碱菌属 Azohydromonas | 0.034 | 0.233 | 0.003 | 0.351 | 0.412 | 0.080 | |
酸杆菌属 Acidibacter | 0.003 | 0.193 | 0.087 | 0.102 | 0.220 | 0.683 | |
生丝微菌属 Hyphomicrobium | 0.316 | 0.504 | 0.005 | 0.738 | 0.074 | 0.034 | |
斯科曼氏菌属 Williamsia | 0.065 | 0.282 | 0.443 | 0.443 | 0.009 | 0.065 | |
泉发菌属 Terrimonas | 0.049 | 0.655 | 0.110 | 0.016 | 0.710 | 0.041 | |
陡坡 Steep slope | 发酵单胞菌属 Zymomonas | 0.494 | 0.003 | 1.000 | 0.022 | 0.494 | 0.003 |
鼎湖杆菌属 Dinghuibacter | 0.192 | 0.004 | 1.000 | 0.117 | 0.192 | 0.004 | |
立克次体属 Rickettsia | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
黄杆菌属 Luteolibacter | 0.338 | 0.211 | 0.061 | 0.027 | 0.005 | 0.532 | |
根霉菌属 Rhizomicrobium | 0.128 | 0.206 | 0.911 | 0.005 | 0.102 | 0.249 | |
微酸菌属 Ilumatobacter | 0.019 | 0.434 | 0.017 | 0.118 | 0.970 | 0.109 | |
玫瑰螺旋菌属 Skermanella | 0.334 | 0.193 | 0.147 | 0.023 | 0.016 | 0.882 |
坡度 Slope | 处理 Treatment | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 观测深度 Goods_coverage | 观测物种数 Observed_species | Shannon指数 Shannon index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
缓坡Gentle slope | CK | 3220±68Ab | 0.968±0.001Aa | 2460±25Aa | 9.41±0.16Ab |
LN | 3158±121ABa | 0.968±0.002Aa | 2412±80Ab | 9.34±0.07ABb | |
MN | 2990±181Bb | 0.970±0.002Aa | 2266±135Bb | 9.23±0.12Bb | |
HN | 3170±19ABa | 0.968±0.001Aa | 2397±61Aa | 9.36±0.10ABb | |
陡坡Steep slope | CK | 3490±178Aa | 0.962±0.002Ab | 2594±130Aa | 9.46±0.08Aa |
LN | 3479±63Aa | 0.963±0.001Ab | 2539±54Aa | 9.39±0.14Aa | |
MN | 3323±75Ba | 0.962±0.001Ab | 2568±78Aa | 9.30±0.19Ba | |
HN | 3405±250Aa | 0.963±0.003Ab | 2492±147Aa | 9.44±0.06Aa |
表2 土壤样本中细菌丰富度及多样性指数
Table 2 Bacterial richness and Shannon index in soil samples
坡度 Slope | 处理 Treatment | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 观测深度 Goods_coverage | 观测物种数 Observed_species | Shannon指数 Shannon index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
缓坡Gentle slope | CK | 3220±68Ab | 0.968±0.001Aa | 2460±25Aa | 9.41±0.16Ab |
LN | 3158±121ABa | 0.968±0.002Aa | 2412±80Ab | 9.34±0.07ABb | |
MN | 2990±181Bb | 0.970±0.002Aa | 2266±135Bb | 9.23±0.12Bb | |
HN | 3170±19ABa | 0.968±0.001Aa | 2397±61Aa | 9.36±0.10ABb | |
陡坡Steep slope | CK | 3490±178Aa | 0.962±0.002Ab | 2594±130Aa | 9.46±0.08Aa |
LN | 3479±63Aa | 0.963±0.001Ab | 2539±54Aa | 9.39±0.14Aa | |
MN | 3323±75Ba | 0.962±0.001Ab | 2568±78Aa | 9.30±0.19Ba | |
HN | 3405±250Aa | 0.963±0.003Ab | 2492±147Aa | 9.44±0.06Aa |
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