土壤丛枝菌根真菌与宁夏主要草原类型植被群落分布间的相互关系研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020186

草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 150-160.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020186

土壤丛枝菌根真菌与宁夏主要草原类型植被群落分布间的相互关系研究

王占军¹(), 马琨²^,³(), 崔慧珍³, 李光文³, 俞鸿千¹, 蒋齐¹

^1.宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所，宁夏银川 750001
^2.宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，宁夏银川 750021
^3.宁夏大学农学院，宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2020-04-21 修回日期:2020-06-01 出版日期:2020-12-28 发布日期:2020-12-28
通讯作者: 马琨
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: makun0411@163.com
王占军(1978-)，男，宁夏平罗人，副研究员，硕士。E-mail: nxwzhj@163.com
基金资助:
宁夏一二三产业融合发展创新示范项目(YES-16-10);宁夏农林科学院科技平台建设提升项目(NKYP-19-06)

Correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and distribution of main grassland types in Ningxia

Zhan-jun WANG¹(), Kun MA²^,³(), Hui-zhen CUI³, Guang-wen LI³, Hong-qian YU¹, Qi JIANG¹

^1.Institute of Desertification Control，Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences，Yinchuan 750001，China
^2.Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration，in Northwest of China，Ningxia University，Yinchuan 750021，China
^3.Agricultural College，Ningxia University，Yinchuan 750021，China

Received:2020-04-21 Revised:2020-06-01 Online:2020-12-28 Published:2020-12-28
Contact: Kun MA

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示宁夏不同草原类型土壤丛枝菌根（AM）真菌分布特征及其差异机制，以长期围封的荒漠草原（白草+甘草、短花针茅+牛枝子+猪毛蒿、黑沙蒿、短花针茅）和干草原（长芒草+赖草+甘肃蒿）植被群落为研究对象，利用脂肪酸指纹图谱和Illumina高通量测序的方法，研究了土壤AM真菌多样性、组成与草地植被群落特征、土壤环境因子间的相互关系。结果表明：干草原样地以16：1ω5c中性脂表征的土壤AM真菌生物量与荒漠草原4种植被群落样地间均有极显著差异（P<0.01）。长芒草+赖草+甘肃蒿群落草地土壤AM真菌的香农-维纳指数、辛普森指数、Chao1丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于荒漠草原4种植被群落样地（P<0.05）。荒漠草原、干草原的5种植被群落下土壤AM真菌分属1门、3纲、4目、7科、8属、50种，球囊霉属（Glomus）、类球囊霉属（Paraglomus）是优势属。不同AM真菌分类水平下，干草原与荒漠草原土壤有11类AM真菌的相对丰度有显著性差异。非度量多维尺度（NMDS）分析表明，干草原与荒漠草原土壤AM真菌群落空间分布距离较远，AM真菌群落间相似性较低（Stress=0.17，P=0.001）。Pearson相关分析显示，AM真菌群落香农-维纳多样性指数、Chao1丰富度指数与对应草地植被群落香农-维纳指数、群落物种数、总生物量、群落重要值呈显著或极显著正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）。AM真菌的幼套球囊霉属（Claroideoglomus）、类球囊霉属相对丰度与土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有机质、速效钾含量呈显著或极显著正相关。降水量、海拔导致对应植被群落土壤理化性质、植被群落特征差异是驱动荒漠草原和干草原土壤AM真菌多样性及优势属相对丰度显著变化的主要因素。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 干草原, AM真菌, 群落结构, 植被

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and types of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi in different grassland types in Ningxia. We selected areas with five vegetation types on the desert steppe （Pennisetum centrasiaticum+Glycyrrhiza uralensis， Stipa breviflora+Lespedeza potaninii+Artemisia scoparia， Artemisia arenaria， and S. breviflora） and dry steppe （Stipa bungeana+Leymus secalinus+Artemisia gansuensis）. These areas have been fenced since 2003. The soil AM fungi were analyzed by fatty acid fingerprinting and subjected to high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform. The correlations between soil AM fungal diversity and community composition， characteristics of grassland vegetation community， and soil environmental factors were determined. The results showed that there were significant differences in the soil AM fungal biomass characterized by neutral lipid fatty acids （16：1ω5c） in the steppe grassland soil of S. bungeana+L. secalinus+A. gansuensis， compared with the desert steppe soils of P. centrasiaticum+G. uralensis， S. breviflora+L. potaninii+A. scoparia， A. arenaria， and S. breviflora （P<0.01）. The values of the Shannon-Wiener index， Simpson’s index， Chao1 index， and Pielou index were higher for AM fungi in soil of S. bungeana+L. secalinus+A. gansuensis on the dry steppe than for soil AM fungi in soil from vegetation types on desert steppe （P<0.05）. We identified one phylum， three classes， four orders， seven families， eight genera， and 50 species of AM fungi. Glomus and Paraglomus were the dominant genera of AM fungi. Under the different classification levels， there were significant differences in the relative abundance of 11 kinds of AM fungi between the dry steppe and desert steppe soils. The results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the soil AM fungal communities differed between the dry steppe and the desert steppe， and the AM fungal communities on the dry steppe were more diverse than those on the desert steppe. The AM fungal Shannon-Wiener index and Chao1 index were significantly positively correlated with the vegetation Shannon-Wiener index， species， total biomass， and the vegetation importance value， as determined by Pearson’s correlation analyses. The relative abundance of Claroideoglomus and Paraglomus was positively and significantly correlated with the contents of soil total nitrogen， total phosphorus， available nitrogen， organic matter， and available potassium. Our results indicate that differences in soil physical and chemical properties and the characteristics of vegetation types caused by rainfall distribution and elevation are the main factors affecting the diversity of soil AM fungi and the relative abundance of dominant soil AM genera in different grassland types.

Key words: desert steppe, dry steppe, AM fungi, community structure, vegetation

王占军, 马琨, 崔慧珍, 李光文, 俞鸿千, 蒋齐. 土壤丛枝菌根真菌与宁夏主要草原类型植被群落分布间的相互关系研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(12): 150-160.

Zhan-jun WANG, Kun MA, Hui-zhen CUI, Guang-wen LI, Hong-qian YU, Qi JIANG. Correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and distribution of main grassland types in Ningxia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(12): 150-160.

图/表 11

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处理 Treatment	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index	辛普森指数Simpson index	物种数 Species	总盖度 Total coverage (TC，%)	总高度 Total height (TH， cm)	总生物量 Total biomass (TB， g·m^-2)	优势种群重要值Important value
T₀	1.18b	0.51a	0.51a	9.00b	66.50ab	16.19ab	111.74b	0.43
T₁	1.16b	0.54a	0.54a	8.67b	79.00a	9.05b	82.83b	0.37
T₂	1.07b	0.72a	0.55a	4.50b	56.67bc	23.48a	112.89b	0.46
T₃	0.97b	0.62a	0.50a	5.50b	47.67c	7.87b	59.67b	0.14
T₄	2.16a	0.74a	0.82a	18.50a	92.00a	13.07b	195.44a	0.69

处理 Treatment	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index	辛普森指数Simpson index	物种数 Species	总盖度 Total coverage (TC，%)	总高度 Total height (TH， cm)	总生物量 Total biomass (TB， g·m^-2)	优势种群重要值Important value
T₀	1.18b	0.51a	0.51a	9.00b	66.50ab	16.19ab	111.74b	0.43
T₁	1.16b	0.54a	0.54a	8.67b	79.00a	9.05b	82.83b	0.37
T₂	1.07b	0.72a	0.55a	4.50b	56.67bc	23.48a	112.89b	0.46
T₃	0.97b	0.62a	0.50a	5.50b	47.67c	7.87b	59.67b	0.14
T₄	2.16a	0.74a	0.82a	18.50a	92.00a	13.07b	195.44a	0.69

处理 Treatment	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1丰富度指数 Chao1 index	Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou index
T₀	4.93±0.25b	0.94±0.01ab	404.29±94.42c	0.60±0.02a
T₁	2.70±0.64c	0.69±0.16c	363.74±49.65c	0.34±0.08c
T₂	5.19±0.45ab	0.94±0.03ab	568.65±171.44bc	0.60±0.05a
T₃	4.48±1.05b	0.86±0.11ab	972.46±510.74ab	0.48±0.07b
T₄	6.22±0.66a	0.96±0.04a	1383.88±72.92a	0.62±0.07a

处理 Treatment	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1丰富度指数 Chao1 index	Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou index
T₀	4.93±0.25b	0.94±0.01ab	404.29±94.42c	0.60±0.02a
T₁	2.70±0.64c	0.69±0.16c	363.74±49.65c	0.34±0.08c
T₂	5.19±0.45ab	0.94±0.03ab	568.65±171.44bc	0.60±0.05a
T₃	4.48±1.05b	0.86±0.11ab	972.46±510.74ab	0.48±0.07b
T₄	6.22±0.66a	0.96±0.04a	1383.88±72.92a	0.62±0.07a

参数 Variable	总盖度 Total coverage	总平均高度Total average height	总生物量 Total biomass	重要值 Important value	香农—维纳指数Shannon-Wiener	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index	辛普森指数Simpson index	物种数Species
香农-维纳指数Shannon-Wiener index	0.14	0.35	0.56^**	0.46^*	0.43^*	0.24	0.33	0.40^*
辛普森指数Simpson index	-0.07	0.38^*	0.40^*	0.30	0.26	0.18	0.18	0.16
Chao1丰富度指数Chao1 index	0.26	-0.13	0.45^*	0.28	0.48^*	0.18	0.39^*	0.54^**
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index	0.02	0.46^*	0.49^*	0.42^*	0.33	0.22	0.24	0.25

土壤丛枝菌根真菌与宁夏主要草原类型植被群落分布间的相互关系研究

Correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and distribution of main grassland types in Ningxia

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Metrics

变量 Variable	全氮 Total nitrogen	总磷 Total phosphorus	速效磷 Available phosphorus	碱解氮 Available nitrogen	有机质 Organic matter	速效钾 Available potassium	pH	降水量 Perception	海拔 Elevation
生物量Biomass	0.98^**	0.91^**	-0.14	0.97^**	0.98^**	0.66^**	-0.48^*	-0.68^**	0.97^**
香农-维纳指数Shannon-Wiener index	0.54^**	0.50^**	0.33	0.53^**	0.49^**	0.40^*	0.56^**	-0.41^*	0.59^**
辛普森指数Simpson index	0.28	0.25	0.27	0.27	0.23	0.21	0.37^**	-0.28	0.34
Chao1丰富度指数Chao1 index	0.78^**	0.81^**	-0.10	0.75^**	0.73^**	0.76^**	0.36^*	-0.48^**	0.69^**
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index	0.32	0.26	0.42^*	0.32	0.28	0.17	0.48^*	-0.30	0.43^*
幼套球囊霉属相对丰度 Relative abundance of Claroideoglomus	0.45^*	0.42^*	0.16	0.45^*	0.44^*	0.41^*	0.35^*	-0.27	0.46^*
球囊霉属相对丰度Relative abundance of Glomus	-0.24	-0.21	-0.04	-0.24	-0.22	-0.15	-0.52^*	0.40	-0.38^*
类球囊霉属相对丰度Relative abundance of Paraglomus	0.50^**	0.50^**	-0.20	0.46^**	0.44^*	0.48^**	0.44^*	-0.47^**	0.50^**

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