草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 107-115.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020069
何海锋1(), 闫承宏1, 吴娜1, 刘吉利2,3(), 贾瑜琀1
收稿日期:
2020-02-21
修回日期:
2020-04-26
出版日期:
2021-01-20
发布日期:
2021-01-08
通讯作者:
刘吉利
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: tim11082003@163.com基金资助:
Hai-feng HE1(), Cheng-hong YAN1, Na WU1, Ji-li LIU2,3(), Yu-han JIA1
Received:
2020-02-21
Revised:
2020-04-26
Online:
2021-01-20
Published:
2021-01-08
Contact:
Ji-li LIU
摘要:
为了探究宁夏银北盐碱地区柳枝稷高产优质高效栽培过程中最佳的施氮量及其对柳枝稷叶片光合特性及抗旱性的影响,本研究采用大田试验,以Cave-in-Rock品种柳枝稷为供试材料,设无氮添加 (0 kg·hm-2,N0)、施低氮(60 kg·hm-2,N60)、中氮(120 kg·hm-2,N120)和高氮(240 kg·hm-2,N240)共4个施氮水平,分析比较了各生育时期内柳枝稷叶片光合特性、渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性的变化,同时采用隶属函数法综合评价了盐碱地柳枝稷的抗旱性。结果表明,随着不同施氮水平的增加,柳枝稷各生育时期内叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)整体呈现先升后降的趋势,均在施中氮(N120)处理下达到峰值。与无氮添加 (N0)处理相比,施低氮(N60)、中氮(N120)和高氮(N240)处理下柳枝稷叶片的SPAD值平均增加了4.73%、18.71%和8.86%,净光合速率(Pn)平均提高了5.55%、17.02%和12.41%,气孔导度(Gs)平均升高了7.87%、56.18%和39.33%,细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)平均增加了7.86%、30.71%和13.81%。柳枝稷叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)在高氮(N240)处理下达到最大值,叶片水分利用效率(WUE)随着不同施氮水平的增加而逐渐下降。隶属函数分析结果表明,施中氮(N120)处理下柳枝稷各抗旱指标隶属函数值的均值最大。因此,本试验条件下有利于提高柳枝稷叶片光合能力和抗旱性的适宜施氮水平为120 kg·hm-2。
何海锋, 闫承宏, 吴娜, 刘吉利, 贾瑜琀. 不同施氮水平对柳枝稷光合特性及抗旱性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(1): 107-115.
Hai-feng HE, Cheng-hong YAN, Na WU, Ji-li LIU, Yu-han JIA. Effects of different nitrogen levels on photosynthetic characteristics and drought resistance of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(1): 107-115.
图1 不同施氮水平对柳枝稷叶片叶绿素相对含量的影响不同字母表示同一生育时期不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same growth stage at the level of 0.05, the same below.
Fig.1 Effect of different nitrogen levels on chlorophyll relative content of switchgrass leaves
处理 Treatment | 超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase (SOD, U·g-1·min-1) | 过氧化物酶 Peroxidase (POD, U·g-1·min-1) | 过氧化氢酶Catalase (CAT, U·g-1·min-1) | 游离脯氨酸 Free proline (Pro, μg·g-1) | 丙二醛 Malondialdehyde (MDA, μg·g-1) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (SS, mg·g-1) | 相对电导率 Relative conductivity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N0 | 283.76±14.55d | 18439.81±33.42c | 120.31±3.25d | 70.39±1.82c | 0.79±0.01d | 0.53±0.01d | 0.80±0.01c |
N60 | 357.60±11.11c | 20148.15±61.40b | 147.40±5.39b | 70.85±2.66c | 0.85±0.02c | 0.60±0.01c | 0.82±0.01b |
N120 | 392.11±13.25b | 21138.89±94.94b | 177.08±8.91a | 75.04±1.54b | 0.88±0.01b | 0.81±0.01b | 0.83±0.01b |
N240 | 471.17±16.56a | 24671.32±95.96a | 138.02±8.02c | 83.55±1.71a | 0.97±0.01a | 0.88±0.02a | 0.87±0.01a |
表1 不同施氮水平对柳枝稷主要渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性的影响
Table 1 Effects of different nitrogen levels on main osmolytes and antioxidant enzyme activities of switchgrass
处理 Treatment | 超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase (SOD, U·g-1·min-1) | 过氧化物酶 Peroxidase (POD, U·g-1·min-1) | 过氧化氢酶Catalase (CAT, U·g-1·min-1) | 游离脯氨酸 Free proline (Pro, μg·g-1) | 丙二醛 Malondialdehyde (MDA, μg·g-1) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (SS, mg·g-1) | 相对电导率 Relative conductivity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N0 | 283.76±14.55d | 18439.81±33.42c | 120.31±3.25d | 70.39±1.82c | 0.79±0.01d | 0.53±0.01d | 0.80±0.01c |
N60 | 357.60±11.11c | 20148.15±61.40b | 147.40±5.39b | 70.85±2.66c | 0.85±0.02c | 0.60±0.01c | 0.82±0.01b |
N120 | 392.11±13.25b | 21138.89±94.94b | 177.08±8.91a | 75.04±1.54b | 0.88±0.01b | 0.81±0.01b | 0.83±0.01b |
N240 | 471.17±16.56a | 24671.32±95.96a | 138.02±8.02c | 83.55±1.71a | 0.97±0.01a | 0.88±0.02a | 0.87±0.01a |
处理 Treatment | 超氧化物歧化酶Superoxide dismutase | 过氧化物酶Peroxidase | 过氧化氢酶Catalase | 游离脯氨酸Free proline | 丙二醛Malondialdehyde | 可溶性糖Soluble sugar | 相对电导率Relative conductivity | 均值Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N0 | 0.499 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.476 | 0.507 | 0.444 | 0.489 |
N60 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.556 | 0.499 | 0.501 | 0.500 | 0.501 | 0.508 |
N120 | 0.535 | 0.500 | 0.583 | 0.439 | 0.500 | 0.407 | 0.606 | 0.510 |
N240 | 0.501 | 0.500 | 0.417 | 0.571 | 0.500 | 0.526 | 0.424 | 0.491 |
表2 不同施氮水平对柳枝稷各抗旱指标隶属函数值的影响
Table 2 Effect of different nitrogen levels amount on the drought resistance index membership function value of switchgrass
处理 Treatment | 超氧化物歧化酶Superoxide dismutase | 过氧化物酶Peroxidase | 过氧化氢酶Catalase | 游离脯氨酸Free proline | 丙二醛Malondialdehyde | 可溶性糖Soluble sugar | 相对电导率Relative conductivity | 均值Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N0 | 0.499 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.476 | 0.507 | 0.444 | 0.489 |
N60 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.556 | 0.499 | 0.501 | 0.500 | 0.501 | 0.508 |
N120 | 0.535 | 0.500 | 0.583 | 0.439 | 0.500 | 0.407 | 0.606 | 0.510 |
N240 | 0.501 | 0.500 | 0.417 | 0.571 | 0.500 | 0.526 | 0.424 | 0.491 |
1 | Hou X C, Hu Y X, Sun Y, et al. Effects of biochar addition on the growth of switchgrass in coastal saline soil. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2020, 42(1): 31-37. |
侯新村, 胡艳霞, 孙宇, 等. 生物炭添加对滨海盐土柳枝稷生长的影响. 中国草地学报, 2020, 42(1): 31-37. | |
2 | He H F, Wu N, Liu J L, et al. Study on biomass yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of different switchgrass varieties in saline-alkali land. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2019, 34(Supple1): 273-280. |
何海锋, 吴娜, 刘吉利, 等. 盐碱地不同柳枝稷品种生物质产量及氮素吸收利用特性研究. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(增刊1): 273-280. | |
3 | Zhang Y, Wu H J, Sun M Z, et al. Photosynthetic physiological performance and proteomic profiling of the oleaginous algae Scenedesmus acuminatus reveal the mechanism of lipid accumulation under low and high nitrogen supplies. Photosynthesis Research, 2018, 138: 73-102. |
4 | Chang W W, Liu J L, Wu N, et al. Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different switchgrass varieties in saline-alkali regions in Northwest China. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2019, 31(10): 1647-1654. |
常雯雯, 刘吉利, 吴娜, 等. 西北盐碱地区不同柳枝稷品种光合特性与产量比较. 浙江农业学报, 2019, 31(10): 1647-1654. | |
5 | Zhao C Q, Li J W, Fan X F, et al. Effects of different salt stress on the biomass, quality and photosynthetic physiology of switchgrass. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(19): 6489-6495. |
赵春桥, 李继伟, 范希峰, 等. 不同盐胁迫对柳枝稷生物量、品质和光合生理的影响. 生态学报, 2015, 35(19): 6489-6495. | |
6 | He H F, Wu N, Liu J L, et al. Effects of switchgrass planting years on physicochemical properties of saline soil. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2020, 29(2): 285-292. |
何海锋, 吴娜, 刘吉利, 等. 柳枝稷种植年限对盐碱土壤理化性质的影响. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(2): 285-292. | |
7 | Danielle C, Hyemi K, Lauren Q, et al. Panicum virgatum as a bioenergy crop in the Loess Plateau, China: Potential lignocellulosic feedstock production and environmental conservation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(6): 1211-1226. |
8 | Laura C J, Randall D J. Inorganic N addition replaces N supplied to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Ecological Applications, 2020, 30(2): 1205-1218. |
9 | Niu X G, Yang R Q, Li M, et al. Effects of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(2): 255-264. |
牛晓光, 杨荣全, 李明, 等. 大气CO2浓度升高与氮肥互作对玉米光合特性及产量的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2020, 28(2): 255-264. | |
10 | Yan Y H, Yang W Y, Zhang X Q, et al. Effects of nitrogen application amount on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield after inter-planting soybean. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(3): 233-238. |
闫艳红, 杨文钰, 张新全, 等. 不同施氮水平对套作大豆花后光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 233-238. | |
11 | Li Q, Luo Y H, Yu D H, et al. Effects of low nitrogen stress on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of maize cultivars with low nitrogen tolerance at seedling stage. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(5): 1132-1141. |
李强, 罗延宏, 余东海, 等. 低氮胁迫对耐低氮玉米品种苗期光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(5): 1132-1141. | |
12 | Fan X F, Hou X C, Zhu Y, et al. Effects of salt stress on growth and physiological characteristics of switchgrass at seedling stage. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(6): 1476-1480. |
范希峰, 侯新村, 朱毅, 等. 盐胁迫对柳枝稷苗期生长和生理特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(6): 1476-1480. | |
13 | Zhao C Q, Chen M, Hou X C, et al. Effects of drought stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of switchgrass. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2015, 29(3): 126-130. |
赵春桥, 陈敏, 侯新村, 等. 干旱胁迫对柳枝稷生长与生理特性的影响. 干旱区资源与环境, 2015, 29(3): 126-130. | |
14 | Huang J, Gao Z J, Wang S Q, et al. Effects of nitrogen on drought and tillering photosynthetic physiological characteristics of switchgrass. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2018, 40(6): 10-17. |
黄瑾, 高志娟, 王世琪, 等. 氮素对分蘖期干旱及复水柳枝稷光合生理特性的影响. 中国草地学报, 2018, 40(6): 10-17. | |
15 | Li M, Bi J T, Wang J. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of bacterial community diversity in saline-alkaline soil in Ningxia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(4): 1316-1330. |
李明, 毕江涛, 王静. 宁夏不同地区盐碱化土壤细菌群落多样性分布特征及其影响因子. 生态学报, 2020, 40(4): 1316-1330. | |
16 | Wei Y, Wang L, Zhu H, et al. Effects of magnetized water irrigation on grape growth and photosynthetic characteristics under nitrogen application. Journal of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences, 2020, 34(4): 849-859. |
韦业, 王渌, 朱红, 等. 施氮条件下磁化水灌溉对葡萄生长和光合特性的影响. 核农学报, 2020, 34(4): 849-859. | |
17 | Gao J F. Crop physiology experiment guide. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006. |
高俊凤. 作物生理学实验指导. 北京: 高等教育出版, 2006. | |
18 | Zhang C Y, Xu G F. Comprehensive evaluation of heat resistance of 4 ground cover crops using membership function method. Pratacultural Science, 2009, 26(2): 57-60. |
张朝阳, 许桂芳. 利用隶属函数法对4种地被作物的耐热性综合评价. 草业科学, 2009, 26(2): 57-60. | |
19 | Shi Y H, Wan L Q, Liu J N, et al. Analysis of principal components and membership functions of drought resistance of perennial ryegrass. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2010, 18(5): 669-672. |
石永红, 万里强, 刘建宁, 等. 多年生黑麦草抗旱性主成分及隶属函数分析. 草地学报, 2010, 18(5): 669-672. | |
20 | Zhang A L, Fu C, Chen Z H, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of 8 switchgrass germplasm resources at seedling stage. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(4): 706-713. |
张爱玲, 付晨, 陈志宏, 等. 8份柳枝稷种质资源苗期抗旱性综合评价. 草业科学, 2017, 34(4): 706-713. | |
21 | Van Wallendael A, Bonnette J, Juenger T E, et al. Geographic variation in the genetic basis of resistance to leaf rust between locally adapted ecotypes of the biofuel crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). The New Phytologist, 2020, 27(6): 1223-1238. |
22 | Zhu Y, Fan X F, Wu J Y, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of tolerance of switchgrass to nitrogen stress at seedling stage. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2013, 35(4): 66-70, 75. |
朱毅, 范希峰, 武菊英, 等. 柳枝稷苗期对氮素胁迫耐受性的综合评价. 中国草地学报, 2013, 35(4): 66-70, 75. | |
23 | Miguel O, Carlos C, João C, et al. N supply and pre-cropping benefits to triticale from three legumes in rainfed and irrigated Mediterranean crop rotations. Field Crops Research, 2019, 36(25): 237-253. |
24 | Wang Q, Ji S R, Qu H, et al. Effects of nitrogen levels on photosynthesis of alfalfa seedlings under different soil moisture conditions. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2018, 40(1): 49-54. |
王茜, 纪树仁, 渠晖, 等. 不同土壤水分条件下施氮水平对紫花苜蓿苗期光合作用的影响. 中国草地学报, 2018, 40(1): 49-54. | |
25 | Wang J B, Xie J H, Li L L, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization strategy on maize photosynthetic characteristics and yield in Longzhong arid agricultural area. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(1): 60-69. |
王进斌, 谢军红, 李玲玲, 等. 氮肥运筹对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性及产量的影响. 草业学报, 2019, 28(1): 60-69. | |
26 | Zhang K, Chen N L, Gu Q Y, et al. Gas exchange characteristics and biomass accumulation and distribution response to water and nitrogen in different drought resistant wheat. Journal of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences, 2016, 30(4): 797-804. |
张凯, 陈年来, 顾群英, 等. 不同抗旱性小麦气体交换特性和生物量积累与分配对水氮的响应. 核农学报, 2016, 30(4): 797-804. | |
27 | Zhang K, Chen N L, Gu Q Y. Tradeoffs of light, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat varieties under different water and nitrogen levels. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(7): 2273-2282. |
张凯, 陈年来, 顾群英. 不同水氮水平下小麦品种对光、水和氮利用效率的权衡. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(7): 2273-2282. | |
28 | Guo P W, Zhao J Y, Shi Y, et al. Effects of water and fertilizer integration on water use and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1170-1178. |
郭培武, 赵俊晔, 石玉, 等. 水肥一体化对小麦水分利用和光合特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1170-1178. | |
29 | Zhang S Q, Shan L. Effects of nitrogen nutrition on drought resistance and water use of spring wheat. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 1995, 2(1): 31-35. |
张岁歧, 山仑. 氮素营养对春小麦抗旱适应性及其水分利用的影响. 水土保持研究, 1995, 2(1): 31-35. | |
30 | Ye Z P, Kang H J, Duan S H, et al. Photosynthetic physiological and ecological characteristics of soybean leaves under different CO2 concentrations. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(2): 583-591. |
叶子飘, 康华靖, 段世华, 等. 不同CO2浓度下大豆叶片的光合生理生态特性. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 583-591. | |
31 | Ma R Q, Tao Z Q, Wang D M, et al. Effects of nitrogen application amount on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different experimental wheat. Journal of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences, 2020, 34(6): 1281-1293. |
马瑞琦, 陶志强, 王德梅, 等. 追氮量对不同试点小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响. 核农学报, 2020, 34(6): 1281-1293. | |
32 | Liu B, Jia X M, Zhu Z L, et al. Effects of saline-alkali stress on photosynthesis and osmotic adjustment substances of Begonia versicolor. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2019, 39(9): 1618-1626. |
刘兵, 贾旭梅, 朱祖雷, 等. 盐碱胁迫对垂丝海棠光合作用及渗透调节物质的影响. 西北植物学报, 2019, 39(9): 1618-1626. | |
33 | Zhu Y, Hou X C, Wu J Y, et al. Responses of switchgrass root growth to nitrogen levels under two sandy cultivation substrates. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2012, 34(2): 58-64. |
朱毅, 侯新村, 武菊英, 等. 两种沙性栽培基质下柳枝稷根系生长对施氮水平的响应. 中国草地学报, 2012, 34(2): 58-64. |
[1] | 畅志鹏, 孙莹莹, 李佳阳, 龚春梅. 柠条CkCAD基因的克隆转化及其抗旱功能分析[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(3): 68-80. |
[2] | 单立文, 张强, 朱瑞芬, 孔晓蕾, 陈积山. 氮、磷添加下AMF对羊草和苜蓿生长与光合生理特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(8): 46-57. |
[3] | 童长春, 刘晓静, 蔺芳, 于铁峰. 基于平衡施肥的紫花苜蓿光合特性及光合因子的产量效应研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(8): 70-80. |
[4] | 王苗苗, 周向睿, 梁国玲, 赵桂琴, 焦润安, 柴继宽, 高雪梅, 李娟宁. 5份燕麦材料苗期耐盐性综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(8): 143-154. |
[5] | 康彩睿, 谢军红, 李玲玲, 王嘉男, 郭喜军, 彭正凯, 王进斌, Setor kwami Fudjoe, 王林林. 种植密度与施氮量对陇中旱农区玉米产量及光合特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(5): 141-149. |
[6] | 张雪婷, 王新永, 杨文雄, 柳娜, 杨长刚. 河西绿洲灌区节水抗旱型玉米品种的评价方法探讨[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(2): 134-148. |
[7] | 赵小强, 陆晏天, 白明兴, 徐明霞, 彭云玲, 丁永福, 庄泽龙, 陈奋奇, 张大志. 不同株型玉米基因型对干旱胁迫的响应分析[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(2): 149-162. |
[8] | 何海锋, 闫承宏, 吴娜, 刘吉利, 常雯雯. 施氮量对柳枝稷叶片叶绿素荧光特性及干物质积累的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(11): 141-150. |
[9] | 许爱云, 曹兵, 谢云. 干旱风沙区煤炭基地12种草本植物对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应及抗旱性评价[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10): 22-34. |
[10] | 周敏, 杜峰, 张赟赟, 潘天辉. 黄土高原撂荒地植物群落共存种光合特性对土壤水分变化的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(1): 50-62. |
[11] | 杨柳慧, 尹航, 黄沁梅, 张彦妮, 何淼, 周蕴薇. 细叶百合LpWRKY20基因对非生物胁迫的响应及抗旱性分析[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(1): 193-202. |
[12] | 刘领, 李冬, 马宜林, 王丽君, 赵世民, 周俊学, 申洪涛, 王艳芳. 外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗生长的缓解效应与生理机制研究[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(8): 95-105. |
[13] | 姜红岩, 滕珂, 檀鹏辉, 尹淑霞. 日本结缕草ZjZFN1基因对拟南芥的转化及其耐旱性分析[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(4): 129-138. |
[14] | 张雪悦, 左师宇, 田礼欣, 李丽杰, 任晓松, 刘赵月, 李晶. 不同密度下越冬型黑麦产量形成的光合特性差异[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(3): 131-141. |
[15] | 李晓雪, 李昌晓, 宋虹, 袁中勋. 水淹和密度配置对牛鞭草与狗牙根扦插苗光合作用的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(2): 197-206. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||