河西绿洲灌区节水抗旱型玉米品种的评价方法探讨

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019126

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河西绿洲灌区水资源日益紧缺,玉米为该地区首要粮食作物。构建节水抗旱型玉米品种评价体系对品种选育与筛选具有指导意义。选取该区域实际生产中表现较好的8个玉米品种为试验材料,在大田环境设置干旱胁迫与充分灌溉两个水分处理,测定12个农艺性状、产量指标及11个生理指标,引入产量-水分高效利用指数(YHWUEI),结合因子分析法、隶属函数法、聚类分析、灰色关联度等多种数据处理方法,建立节水抗旱玉米品种综合评价体系。结果表明:将诸多考察指标转化为5个相互独立的综合指标(累积贡献率94.263%)。通过对综合指标隶属函数值U_(xi)的二次加权,得到节水抗旱综合评价D值。由此得出的玉米品种节水抗旱排序为:甘玉801>利单295>正德305>先玉335>敦玉13号>玉源7879>甘鑫2818>庆单3号。聚类分析将玉米品种分为:Ⅰ级节水抗旱型1份、Ⅱ级中等节水抗旱型4份、Ⅲ级非节水抗旱型3份。灰色关联分析显示,粒长、粒宽、行粒数、秃间长度可直观地作为评价玉米节水抗旱性的指标性状。引入具有抗旱及节水双重表达特性的YHWUEI指数参与D值数学模型的构建,使节水抗旱性评价更为准确。

关键词: 玉米, 节水抗旱性, 产量-水分高效利用指数, 综合评价

Abstract: The Hexi oasis irrigation area is increasingly short of water resources. Maize is the chief food crop in the area. Establishing a comprehensive evaluation system to identify water-saving and drought-resistant maize varieties will be important in germplasm screening and the breeding of new varieties for this area. In this research, eight maize varieties with superior performance and productivity in this region were subjected to contrasting well-watered and drought stress treatments, and yield and eleven other physiological parameters and indices were determined, including a high yield and high water use efficiency index (YHWUEI) and a drought resistance index (DI). Results were evaluated using factor analysis, the membership function method, cluster analysis and grey relational analysis. Drought had significant effects on all variables and indices determined. It was found that the YHWUEI was more closely related to yield and water use efficiency than the DI. Factor analysis generated five independent multivariate indices which cumulatively explained 94.26% of data variation. The YHWUEI and the membership function U_(xi) of the multivariate indices were each weighted 50% and combined to obtain an integrated score, D. Based on the D value, the rank of the tested cultivars for water-use saving and drought resistance was Ganyu 801>Lidan 295>Zhengde 305>Xianyu 335>Dunyu 13>Yuyuan 7879>Ganxin 2818>Qingdan 3. Cluster analysis divided the eight tested varieties into three categories: one variety belonged to category Ⅰ which exhibited strong water-use saving and drought resistance; four varieties belonged to category Ⅱ which had medium water-use saving and drought-resistance; three varieties belonged to category Ⅲ which displayed low water-use saving and drought-resistance. Grey relational analysis showed that grain length, grain width, kernels per number and barren ear tip could be directly used to evaluate the water-use saving capacity and drought resistance of maize. In conclusion, the YHWUEI index was introduced as a component in the construction of an integrated index of measured drought resistance traits, expressed as D, so as to make the evaluation more accurate.

Key words: maize, water-saving and drought resistance, high yield and high water use efficiency index (YHWUEI), comprehensive evaluation

张雪婷, 王新永, 杨文雄, 柳娜, 杨长刚. 河西绿洲灌区节水抗旱型玉米品种的评价方法探讨[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(2): 134-148.

ZHANG Xue-ting, WANG Xin-yong, YANG Wen-xiong, LIU Na, YANG Chang-gang. Evaluation of water-saving and drought-resistant maize varieties in the Hexi oasis irrigation corridor[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(2): 134-148.

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