草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 47-63.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023115
黄麟(), 李佳慧, 张海燕, 李愈哲, 王穗子, 樊江文()
收稿日期:
2023-04-11
修回日期:
2023-10-09
出版日期:
2024-06-20
发布日期:
2024-03-20
通讯作者:
樊江文
作者简介:
E-mail: fanjw@igsnrr.ac.cn基金资助:
Lin HUANG(), Jia-hui LI, Hai-yan ZHANG, Yu-zhe LI, Sui-zi WANG, Jiang-wen FAN()
Received:
2023-04-11
Revised:
2023-10-09
Online:
2024-06-20
Published:
2024-03-20
Contact:
Jiang-wen FAN
摘要:
草原是我国面积最大的陆地生态系统,是具有重要生产、生态和生活功能的自然资源,是我国重要的绿色生态安全屏障,是传承草原文化的重要载体,是建设生态文明和美丽中国的重要基础。开展草原生态价值核算与评估有两个核心目标,一是为草原资源的合理定价、有效补偿、科学管理和可持续发展提供理论依据,即尝试将生态效益纳入经济社会发展决策,二是为草原生态保护和修复成效评价提供科学方法,即通过货币化改变和影响生态保护和修复的行为与决策。借鉴生态经济学和生态系统评估理论,将草原生态价值定义为由草原生态系统结构与功能决定的可直接向人类提供各种服务及惠益的价值化形式。结合草原生态学基础理论,综合参考生态系统服务价值、自然资本、生态系统生产总值,梳理构建草原生态价值评估指标体系,确定分项指标物质量估算与价值核算的空间计量方法,构建了评估框架,可评价草原生态价值高低及其时空动态变化。以内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市为例,开展草原生态系统支持、供给、调节、文化生态价值的核算和空间分异格局分析,以及不同行政区草原分项价值的横向对比评估,应用结果显示出指标综合全面、核算科学合理、评估方法灵活、能够反映时空分异特征等优势,进而展望了未来需要开展深入研究的几个方面。由此可见,草原生态系统作为“钱库”的重要性,决定了需要从草原生态价值角度进一步认识草原的功能与地位,切实加强草原的科学保护与合理利用。
黄麟, 李佳慧, 张海燕, 李愈哲, 王穗子, 樊江文. 草原生态价值的内涵、核算及评估[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(6): 47-63.
Lin HUANG, Jia-hui LI, Hai-yan ZHANG, Yu-zhe LI, Sui-zi WANG, Jiang-wen FAN. Accounting and assessment of grassland ecological values[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 47-63.
一级指标Value categories | 二级指标Value items | 三级指标Value indicators |
---|---|---|
草原支持价值 Grassland supporting value | 土壤保育价值Soil conservation (SC) | 土壤保持价值Soil retention value |
防风固沙价值Sand fixation value | ||
养分固持价值Nutrient sequestration value | ||
养分输入价值Soil nutrient input (SN) | 养分输入价值Nutrient input value | |
草原供给价值 Grassland provisioning value | 牧草供给价值Forage provisioning value (GY) | 可食牧草供给价值Value of edible forage provisioning |
其他生产原材料供给价值Plant-based raw material provisioning (PM) | 植物性生产原材料供给价值Value of plant-based raw material provisioning | |
种质资源保育价值Germplasm resource conservation (GR) | 物种保育价值Species maintenance value | |
草原调节价值 Grassland regulating value | 水源涵养价值Water regulation (WR) | 水量调节价值Water regulation value |
水质净化价值Water purification value | ||
气候变化减缓价值Climate mitigation (CM) | 碳固定价值Carbon sequestration value | |
微气候调节价值Microclimate regulation (MR) | 降温价值Heat absorption value | |
增湿价值Humidification value | ||
空气质量调节价值Air quality regulation (AR) | 释放氧气价值Oxygen release value | |
释放负氧离子价值Value of releasing negative oxygen ions | ||
滞尘价值Dust retention value | ||
草原文化价值 Grassland cultural value | 风景游憩价值Landscape recreation (SR) | 草原生态旅游价值Grassland ecotourism value |
表1 草原生态价值核算与评估指标体系
Table 1 Assessment indicators of grassland ecological values
一级指标Value categories | 二级指标Value items | 三级指标Value indicators |
---|---|---|
草原支持价值 Grassland supporting value | 土壤保育价值Soil conservation (SC) | 土壤保持价值Soil retention value |
防风固沙价值Sand fixation value | ||
养分固持价值Nutrient sequestration value | ||
养分输入价值Soil nutrient input (SN) | 养分输入价值Nutrient input value | |
草原供给价值 Grassland provisioning value | 牧草供给价值Forage provisioning value (GY) | 可食牧草供给价值Value of edible forage provisioning |
其他生产原材料供给价值Plant-based raw material provisioning (PM) | 植物性生产原材料供给价值Value of plant-based raw material provisioning | |
种质资源保育价值Germplasm resource conservation (GR) | 物种保育价值Species maintenance value | |
草原调节价值 Grassland regulating value | 水源涵养价值Water regulation (WR) | 水量调节价值Water regulation value |
水质净化价值Water purification value | ||
气候变化减缓价值Climate mitigation (CM) | 碳固定价值Carbon sequestration value | |
微气候调节价值Microclimate regulation (MR) | 降温价值Heat absorption value | |
增湿价值Humidification value | ||
空气质量调节价值Air quality regulation (AR) | 释放氧气价值Oxygen release value | |
释放负氧离子价值Value of releasing negative oxygen ions | ||
滞尘价值Dust retention value | ||
草原文化价值 Grassland cultural value | 风景游憩价值Landscape recreation (SR) | 草原生态旅游价值Grassland ecotourism value |
指标Indicators | 计算公式Calculation formula | 参数说明Description of parameters |
---|---|---|
草原土壤保持价值Grassland soil retention value ( | ||
草原防风固沙价值Grassland windbreak and sand fixation value ( | ||
草原养分固持价值Grassland nutrient sequestration value ( | ||
草原土壤养分输入价值Grassland soil nutrient input value( | ||
可食牧草供给价值Edible forage provision value ( | ||
植物性生产原材料供给价值Value of plant raw material provisioning for production ( | ||
物种保育价值Species conservation value ( | ||
水量调节价值Water regulation value ( | ||
水质净化价值Water purification value ( | ||
碳固定价值Carbon sequestration value ( | ||
降温价值Cooling value ( | ||
增湿价值Humidification value ( | ||
释放氧气价值Oxygen releasing value ( | ||
释放负氧离子价值Negative oxygen ions releasing value ( | ||
滞尘价值Dust retention value ( | ||
草原风景游憩价值Grassland landscape recreation value ( |
表2 草原生态价值评估指标计算公式与参数说明
Table 2 Calculation formulae and parameter descriptions for assessment indicators of grassland ecological value
指标Indicators | 计算公式Calculation formula | 参数说明Description of parameters |
---|---|---|
草原土壤保持价值Grassland soil retention value ( | ||
草原防风固沙价值Grassland windbreak and sand fixation value ( | ||
草原养分固持价值Grassland nutrient sequestration value ( | ||
草原土壤养分输入价值Grassland soil nutrient input value( | ||
可食牧草供给价值Edible forage provision value ( | ||
植物性生产原材料供给价值Value of plant raw material provisioning for production ( | ||
物种保育价值Species conservation value ( | ||
水量调节价值Water regulation value ( | ||
水质净化价值Water purification value ( | ||
碳固定价值Carbon sequestration value ( | ||
降温价值Cooling value ( | ||
增湿价值Humidification value ( | ||
释放氧气价值Oxygen releasing value ( | ||
释放负氧离子价值Negative oxygen ions releasing value ( | ||
滞尘价值Dust retention value ( | ||
草原风景游憩价值Grassland landscape recreation value ( |
图1 呼伦贝尔市的地理位置及主要草原类型空间分布基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站(http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/)GS(2020)4632号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map service website GS (2020)4632 of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the boundary of the base map is not modified.
Fig.1 Geographic location and spatial distribution of major grassland types in Hulun Buir
价值项目 Value items | 鄂温克族自治旗Evenki Autonomous Banner | 阿荣旗Arong Banner | 陈巴尔虎旗Chen Balhu Banner | 额尔古纳市Ergun City | 鄂伦春自治旗Oroqen Autonomous Banner | 根河市Genhe City | 海拉尔区Hailar District | 满洲里市Manzhouli City | 新巴尔虎右旗New Balhu Right Banner | 新巴尔虎左旗New Balhu Left Banner | 牙克石市Yakeshi City | 扎兰屯市Zhalantun City | 莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner | 合计 Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ)支持Supporting | 81.98 | 27.09 | 94.26 | 78.99 | 13.11 | 7.31 | 6.50 | 4.42 | 103.96 | 83.12 | 73.55 | 63.36 | 14.37 | 652.02 |
Ⅰ-1)土壤保育Soil conservation | 72.67 | 20.40 | 86.96 | 62.83 | 8.76 | 4.08 | 6.03 | 4.31 | 96.99 | 73.55 | 57.55 | 52.93 | 7.78 | 554.84 |
Ⅰ-1-1)土壤保持Soil retention | 9.25 | 8.16 | 4.94 | 4.20 | 2.02 | 0.44 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 5.10 | 5.06 | 11.68 | 20.71 | 3.22 | 75.35 |
Ⅰ-1-2)防风固沙Sand fixation | 27.56 | 4.45 | 36.61 | 26.08 | 2.78 | 1.32 | 2.65 | 1.73 | 41.07 | 30.44 | 19.26 | 11.82 | 1.64 | 207.41 |
Ⅰ-1-3)养分固持Nutrient sequestration | 35.85 | 7.79 | 45.41 | 32.55 | 3.95 | 2.32 | 3.23 | 2.19 | 50.81 | 38.05 | 26.61 | 20.40 | 2.93 | 272.09 |
Ⅰ-2)土壤养分输入Soil nutrient input | 9.32 | 6.69 | 7.30 | 16.15 | 4.35 | 3.22 | 0.47 | 0.11 | 6.98 | 9.57 | 16.01 | 10.43 | 6.58 | 97.18 |
Ⅱ)供给Provisioning | 135.85 | 27.31 | 175.33 | 108.05 | 47.39 | 5.71 | 13.69 | 7.52 | 242.03 | 200.95 | 110.14 | 43.28 | 39.83 | 1157.07 |
Ⅱ-1)可食牧草供给Edible forage provision | 2.03 | 0.36 | 2.13 | 1.55 | 3.08 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 2.14 | 2.24 | 1.40 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 16.51 |
Ⅱ-2)植物原材料供给Plant raw materials provision | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 1.07 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.50 | 0.33 | 0.06 | 2.81 |
Ⅱ-3)种质资源保育Species maintenance | 133.74 | 26.78 | 172.82 | 105.42 | 44.30 | 5.46 | 13.44 | 7.45 | 239.88 | 198.58 | 108.24 | 42.34 | 39.27 | 1137.75 |
Ⅲ)调节Regulating | 90.87 | 22.32 | 125.81 | 81.89 | 54.84 | 5.67 | 10.07 | 3.72 | 117.60 | 110.57 | 80.76 | 32.99 | 32.28 | 769.39 |
Ⅲ-1)水源涵养Water conservation | 38.30 | 9.56 | 61.84 | 35.60 | 29.09 | 2.36 | 4.94 | 2.15 | 58.71 | 51.52 | 32.70 | 12.70 | 15.17 | 354.64 |
Ⅲ-1-1)水量调节Water regulation | 17.41 | 5.76 | 32.58 | 19.10 | 14.55 | 1.25 | 2.58 | 1.37 | 33.23 | 25.55 | 16.38 | 7.46 | 8.65 | 185.88 |
Ⅲ-1-2)水质净化Water purification | 20.89 | 3.80 | 29.26 | 16.50 | 14.54 | 1.11 | 2.36 | 0.77 | 25.47 | 25.96 | 16.32 | 5.24 | 6.53 | 168.76 |
Ⅲ-2)气候变化减缓Climate mitigation | 1.04 | 0.24 | 1.17 | 0.95 | 1.96 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.93 | 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 9.28 |
Ⅲ-3)微气候调节Microclimate regulation | 50.69 | 12.10 | 62.00 | 44.22 | 21.58 | 2.79 | 4.98 | 1.50 | 56.95 | 57.14 | 46.02 | 19.27 | 16.64 | 395.87 |
Ⅲ-3-1)降温Heat absorption | 32.60 | 7.78 | 39.87 | 28.44 | 12.81 | 1.73 | 3.20 | 0.97 | 36.63 | 36.75 | 29.60 | 12.39 | 10.70 | 253.48 |
Ⅲ-3-2)增湿Humidification | 18.09 | 4.32 | 22.12 | 15.78 | 8.77 | 1.07 | 1.78 | 0.54 | 20.32 | 20.39 | 16.42 | 6.87 | 5.94 | 142.40 |
Ⅲ-4)空气质量调节Air quality regulation | 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.81 | 1.12 | 2.21 | 0.35 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 1.01 | 0.87 | 1.10 | 0.64 | 0.14 | 9.60 |
Ⅲ-4-1)释放氧气Oxygen releasing | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 1.82 |
Ⅲ-4-2)释放负氧离子Negative oxygen ions releasing | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 1.14 |
Ⅲ-4-3)滞尘Dust retention | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.50 | 0.80 | 1.56 | 0.27 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.57 | 0.79 | 0.48 | 0.07 | 6.64 |
Ⅳ)文化-草原风景游憩Cultural-landscape recreation | 1.65 | 1.72 | 5.64 | 5.17 | 2.04 | 2.02 | 2.35 | 14.11 | 1.57 | 4.71 | 5.41 | 1.72 | 1.57 | 49.69 |
合计Total | 310.35 | 78.45 | 401.05 | 274.10 | 117.37 | 20.71 | 32.61 | 29.77 | 465.16 | 399.35 | 269.86 | 141.35 | 88.04 | 2628.17 |
表3 呼伦贝尔市草原生态价值数据汇总
Table 3 Statistics of the grassland ecological values in Hulun Buir (108 CNY)
价值项目 Value items | 鄂温克族自治旗Evenki Autonomous Banner | 阿荣旗Arong Banner | 陈巴尔虎旗Chen Balhu Banner | 额尔古纳市Ergun City | 鄂伦春自治旗Oroqen Autonomous Banner | 根河市Genhe City | 海拉尔区Hailar District | 满洲里市Manzhouli City | 新巴尔虎右旗New Balhu Right Banner | 新巴尔虎左旗New Balhu Left Banner | 牙克石市Yakeshi City | 扎兰屯市Zhalantun City | 莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner | 合计 Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ)支持Supporting | 81.98 | 27.09 | 94.26 | 78.99 | 13.11 | 7.31 | 6.50 | 4.42 | 103.96 | 83.12 | 73.55 | 63.36 | 14.37 | 652.02 |
Ⅰ-1)土壤保育Soil conservation | 72.67 | 20.40 | 86.96 | 62.83 | 8.76 | 4.08 | 6.03 | 4.31 | 96.99 | 73.55 | 57.55 | 52.93 | 7.78 | 554.84 |
Ⅰ-1-1)土壤保持Soil retention | 9.25 | 8.16 | 4.94 | 4.20 | 2.02 | 0.44 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 5.10 | 5.06 | 11.68 | 20.71 | 3.22 | 75.35 |
Ⅰ-1-2)防风固沙Sand fixation | 27.56 | 4.45 | 36.61 | 26.08 | 2.78 | 1.32 | 2.65 | 1.73 | 41.07 | 30.44 | 19.26 | 11.82 | 1.64 | 207.41 |
Ⅰ-1-3)养分固持Nutrient sequestration | 35.85 | 7.79 | 45.41 | 32.55 | 3.95 | 2.32 | 3.23 | 2.19 | 50.81 | 38.05 | 26.61 | 20.40 | 2.93 | 272.09 |
Ⅰ-2)土壤养分输入Soil nutrient input | 9.32 | 6.69 | 7.30 | 16.15 | 4.35 | 3.22 | 0.47 | 0.11 | 6.98 | 9.57 | 16.01 | 10.43 | 6.58 | 97.18 |
Ⅱ)供给Provisioning | 135.85 | 27.31 | 175.33 | 108.05 | 47.39 | 5.71 | 13.69 | 7.52 | 242.03 | 200.95 | 110.14 | 43.28 | 39.83 | 1157.07 |
Ⅱ-1)可食牧草供给Edible forage provision | 2.03 | 0.36 | 2.13 | 1.55 | 3.08 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 2.14 | 2.24 | 1.40 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 16.51 |
Ⅱ-2)植物原材料供给Plant raw materials provision | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 1.07 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.50 | 0.33 | 0.06 | 2.81 |
Ⅱ-3)种质资源保育Species maintenance | 133.74 | 26.78 | 172.82 | 105.42 | 44.30 | 5.46 | 13.44 | 7.45 | 239.88 | 198.58 | 108.24 | 42.34 | 39.27 | 1137.75 |
Ⅲ)调节Regulating | 90.87 | 22.32 | 125.81 | 81.89 | 54.84 | 5.67 | 10.07 | 3.72 | 117.60 | 110.57 | 80.76 | 32.99 | 32.28 | 769.39 |
Ⅲ-1)水源涵养Water conservation | 38.30 | 9.56 | 61.84 | 35.60 | 29.09 | 2.36 | 4.94 | 2.15 | 58.71 | 51.52 | 32.70 | 12.70 | 15.17 | 354.64 |
Ⅲ-1-1)水量调节Water regulation | 17.41 | 5.76 | 32.58 | 19.10 | 14.55 | 1.25 | 2.58 | 1.37 | 33.23 | 25.55 | 16.38 | 7.46 | 8.65 | 185.88 |
Ⅲ-1-2)水质净化Water purification | 20.89 | 3.80 | 29.26 | 16.50 | 14.54 | 1.11 | 2.36 | 0.77 | 25.47 | 25.96 | 16.32 | 5.24 | 6.53 | 168.76 |
Ⅲ-2)气候变化减缓Climate mitigation | 1.04 | 0.24 | 1.17 | 0.95 | 1.96 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.93 | 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 9.28 |
Ⅲ-3)微气候调节Microclimate regulation | 50.69 | 12.10 | 62.00 | 44.22 | 21.58 | 2.79 | 4.98 | 1.50 | 56.95 | 57.14 | 46.02 | 19.27 | 16.64 | 395.87 |
Ⅲ-3-1)降温Heat absorption | 32.60 | 7.78 | 39.87 | 28.44 | 12.81 | 1.73 | 3.20 | 0.97 | 36.63 | 36.75 | 29.60 | 12.39 | 10.70 | 253.48 |
Ⅲ-3-2)增湿Humidification | 18.09 | 4.32 | 22.12 | 15.78 | 8.77 | 1.07 | 1.78 | 0.54 | 20.32 | 20.39 | 16.42 | 6.87 | 5.94 | 142.40 |
Ⅲ-4)空气质量调节Air quality regulation | 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.81 | 1.12 | 2.21 | 0.35 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 1.01 | 0.87 | 1.10 | 0.64 | 0.14 | 9.60 |
Ⅲ-4-1)释放氧气Oxygen releasing | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 1.82 |
Ⅲ-4-2)释放负氧离子Negative oxygen ions releasing | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 1.14 |
Ⅲ-4-3)滞尘Dust retention | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.50 | 0.80 | 1.56 | 0.27 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.57 | 0.79 | 0.48 | 0.07 | 6.64 |
Ⅳ)文化-草原风景游憩Cultural-landscape recreation | 1.65 | 1.72 | 5.64 | 5.17 | 2.04 | 2.02 | 2.35 | 14.11 | 1.57 | 4.71 | 5.41 | 1.72 | 1.57 | 49.69 |
合计Total | 310.35 | 78.45 | 401.05 | 274.10 | 117.37 | 20.71 | 32.61 | 29.77 | 465.16 | 399.35 | 269.86 | 141.35 | 88.04 | 2628.17 |
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