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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 47-63.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023115

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

草原生态价值的内涵、核算及评估

黄麟(), 李佳慧, 张海燕, 李愈哲, 王穗子, 樊江文()   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-11 修回日期:2023-10-09 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 樊江文
  • 作者简介:E-mail: fanjw@igsnrr.ac.cn
    黄麟(1981-),女,四川宜宾人,副研究员,博士。E-mail: huanglin@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0404)

Accounting and assessment of grassland ecological values

Lin HUANG(), Jia-hui LI, Hai-yan ZHANG, Yu-zhe LI, Sui-zi WANG, Jiang-wen FAN()   

  1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
  • Received:2023-04-11 Revised:2023-10-09 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-03-20
  • Contact: Jiang-wen FAN

摘要:

草原是我国面积最大的陆地生态系统,是具有重要生产、生态和生活功能的自然资源,是我国重要的绿色生态安全屏障,是传承草原文化的重要载体,是建设生态文明和美丽中国的重要基础。开展草原生态价值核算与评估有两个核心目标,一是为草原资源的合理定价、有效补偿、科学管理和可持续发展提供理论依据,即尝试将生态效益纳入经济社会发展决策,二是为草原生态保护和修复成效评价提供科学方法,即通过货币化改变和影响生态保护和修复的行为与决策。借鉴生态经济学和生态系统评估理论,将草原生态价值定义为由草原生态系统结构与功能决定的可直接向人类提供各种服务及惠益的价值化形式。结合草原生态学基础理论,综合参考生态系统服务价值、自然资本、生态系统生产总值,梳理构建草原生态价值评估指标体系,确定分项指标物质量估算与价值核算的空间计量方法,构建了评估框架,可评价草原生态价值高低及其时空动态变化。以内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市为例,开展草原生态系统支持、供给、调节、文化生态价值的核算和空间分异格局分析,以及不同行政区草原分项价值的横向对比评估,应用结果显示出指标综合全面、核算科学合理、评估方法灵活、能够反映时空分异特征等优势,进而展望了未来需要开展深入研究的几个方面。由此可见,草原生态系统作为“钱库”的重要性,决定了需要从草原生态价值角度进一步认识草原的功能与地位,切实加强草原的科学保护与合理利用。

关键词: 草原生态价值, 物质量核算, 价值量评估, 呼伦贝尔

Abstract:

There are two main objectives when accounting for and assessing grassland ecological values. The first objective is to provide a theoretical basis for appropriate pricing, effective compensation, scientific management, and sustainable development of grassland resources. This allows for ecological benefits to be integrated into economic and social development decisions. The second objective is to provide a scientific method for evaluating the effectiveness of grassland ecological conservation and restoration, which allows for planners to change and influence the behavior and decisions of ecological conservation and restoration through monetization. Based on the theories of ecological economics and ecosystem assessment, we defined the grassland ecological value as the sum of various services, products, and benefits that can be directly provided to humans as determined by the structure and function of the grassland ecosystem. We developed a grassland ecological value assessment index system and determined spatial measurement methods for estimating the quality and value of each indicator. This allowed us to assess grassland ecological value and its dynamic changes in space and time. To estimate and assess the volume and value of grassland, volume estimation and evaluation methods were applied to Hulun Buir in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results show that the total ecological value of grasslands in the city region was about RMB 262.87 billion yuan·yr-1, which was 2.2 times the city’s gross domestic product in 2020. The value of grassland species conservation accounted for 43% of the total grassland ecological value. The ecological value of the grassland unit area was about 39,100 yuan·ha-1·yr-1. This showed a spatially divergent pattern of gradual decline from west to east. These results highlight the need to understand the function and status of grasslands from the perspective of their ecological value, and to strengthen the scientific protection and rational use of grassland areas.

Key words: grassland ecological value, volume estimation, value assessment, Hulun Buir