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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 60-72.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023247

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区的引种适应性评价

李鸿飞1(), 周帮伟1, 张淼1, 施树楠2, 李志坚1()   

  1. 1.东北师范大学草地科学研究所,植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,吉林 长春 130024
    2.吉林省长岭县草原工作站,吉林 长岭 131500
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-18 修回日期:2023-08-28 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 李志坚
  • 作者简介:E-mail: lizj004@nenu.edu.cn
    李鸿飞(2000-),男,山西临汾人,在读硕士。E-mail: 912928263@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26050101-2);吉林省发展和改革委员会产业技术研究与开发项目(2022C037-8);成都大学实验室开放课题(2022CC004);吉林省生态环境厅(吉环科字第2022-22);吉林省教育厅(JJKH20221176CY);东北师范大学科技成果转化(CGZH202201)

Adaptability evaluation of different oat varieties introduced in the Hulunbuir region

Hong-fei LI1(), Bang-wei ZHOU1, Miao ZHANG1, Shu-nan SHI2, Zhi-jian LI1()   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology,Ministry of Education,Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China
    2.Grassland Service Station of Changling County,Jilin Province,Changling 131500,China
  • Received:2023-07-18 Revised:2023-08-28 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-01-15
  • Contact: Zhi-jian LI

摘要:

为筛选出适宜在呼伦贝尔地区种植的优质饲用燕麦品种,在该地引进18份燕麦种质资源作为供试材料并测试其区域适应性。本试验基于该地区田间种植环境,采取随机区组设计,对供试燕麦的主要生产性能、农艺性状、营养品质等指标进行分析比较,采用灰色关联度分析法对供试品种的各项指标进行综合评价,旨在为该地区燕麦种质资源的适应性研究提供一定参考。结果表明:18份供试燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区均能发育成熟,生育期在76~109 d,生长速率呈“慢-快-慢”的趋势。随着生育期的推进,供试燕麦的干草产量逐步增高并于灌浆期达到最大,伽利略(13.18 t·hm-2)干草产量最高,其次是甜燕3号(12.32 t·hm-2)、贝勒(12.25 t·hm-2),显著高于其他燕麦品种(P<0.05)。贝勒(120 cm)株高最高,甜燕3号(117 cm)次之,二者显著高于其他供试燕麦品种(P<0.05)。福燕1号鲜干比(4.98)最高,白燕7号(1.74)茎叶比最低,说明二者具有较好的适口性。福燕1号的粗蛋白含量最高(13.46%),福燕2号的中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维含量均为最低,说明二者具有较好的饲用品质。灰色关联度分析表明,本地区种植的燕麦应选择具有鲜干比大、叶片较大、茎秆粗壮、粗蛋白含量高、草产量高等特征的燕麦品种。甜燕3号、伽利略、福燕2号综合表现位居前列,可作为优良的饲用燕麦品种在当地推广种植。

关键词: 燕麦, 生产性能, 营养品质, 灰色关联度分析, 呼伦贝尔地区

Abstract:

In order to select high-quality Avena sativa varieties suitable for cultivation in the Hulunbuir region, eighteen oat germplasm lines were tested for their regional adaptation at this site. Because of spatial variation in the field planting environment at the test site, a randomized complete block test design was adopted. Production performance traits measured for the tested germplasm lines included nutritional quality and agronomic traits. A gray correlation analytical method was used to generate a multivariate trait score for the tested varieties, in order to provide information on adaptability of the tested oat varieties in this region. All tested oat varieties reached maturity, with the crop cycle period ranging from 76 to 109 days. The development of all tested germplasm lines showed a pattern of “slow-fast-slow” growth rate. For the tested oat varieties, the vegetative yield gradually increased till the grain filling stage. The variety Galileo had the highest hay yield (13.18 t·ha-1), followed by Tianyan No.3 (12.32 t·ha-1) , Baylor (12.25 t·ha-1), these three being significantly higher than other varieties (P<0.05). The heights of Baylor (120 cm) and Tianyan No.3 (117 cm) were significantly higher than other oat varieties tested (P<0.05). Fuyan No.1 had the highest fresh∶dry weight (4.98) and Baiyan No.7 had the lowest stem∶leaf (1.74), indicating that these two varieties would have better palatability. Fuyan No.1 had the highest crude protein content (13.46%), and Fuyan No.2 had the lowest neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents, indicating enhanced nutritive value for these two cultivars. Grey correlation analysis shows that oats grown in this area should be selected with traits such as high fresh∶dry weight, large leaves, thick stems, high crude protein content, and high vegetative yield. Tianyan No.3, Galileo and Fuyan No.2 were the top-ranked varieties for overall performance and could be promoted as excellent varieties for cultivation in the Hulunbuir region.

Key words: oats, production performance, nutritional quality, grey correlation analysis, Hulunbuir region