Spatial analysis of soil bulk density in Yili, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015249

Abstract

Abstract: Currently, the study of soil bulk density of grassland is mainly focused on traditional statistical analysis based on survey data; studies using spatial pattern analysis of soil bulk density are limited. This paper attempted to apply multi-source data, which include field survey soil bulk density data, remote sensing data and meteorological data from 146 grassland sample plots to study the spatial analysis of soil bulk density in the Yili district, located at the northwest margin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Correlation analysis and regression analysis between the soil bulk density and elevation, annual average temperature, annual average precipitation, annual cumulative temperature above 10℃, wettability, and NDVI were examined. Subsequently regression analysis was undertaken using ArcGIS. There was a significant correlation between soil bulk density and elevation, annual average temperature, annual average precipitation, annual cumulative temperature above 10℃, wettability, and NDVI (P<0.01). The multiple correlation coefficient (R²), root-mean-square error (RMSE), population deviation, and the average prediction accuracy were 0.6025, 0.1479 g/cm³, 14.39%, and 85.61%, respectively. The soil bulk density in the river valley was higher than in the high altitude region. The highest soil bulk density was found in temperate desert type grassland (about 1.3340 g/cm³), and the lowest was found in alpine meadow grassland which is distributed on the northern slopes of the Southern Tianshan mountains (about 0.7310 g/cm³). The results indicated that the spatial distribution of soil bulk density was consistent with the distribution of different soil types and grassland in Yili. The information collected has potential for use in the evaluation of grassland degradation.

ZHOU Li-Lei, ZHU Hua-Zhong, ZHONG Hua-Ping, YANG Hua, SUO Fei-Ya, SHAO Xiao-Ming, ZHOU Xing-Jie. Spatial analysis of soil bulk density in Yili, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(1): 64-75.

References

[1] Xie J, Guan W B, Cui G F, et al . Soil moisture characteristics of different types of vegetation in Xilingol grassland. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2009, 37(1): 45-48.
[2] Yi X S, Li G S, Yin Y Y, et al . Preliminary study for the influences of grassland degradation on soil water retention in the source region of the Yellow River. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012, 27(10): 1708-1719.
[3] Li S L, Chen Y J, Guan S Y, et al . Relationships between soil degradation and rangeland degradation. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2002, 16(1): 92-95.
[4] Qiu L P, Zhang X C. Effects of land use on soil properties in Ziwuling region. Journal of Natural Resources, 2006, 21(6): 965-972.
[5] Wu X, Li H X, Fu B J, et al . Study on soil characteristics of alpine grassland in different degradation levels in headwater regions of Three Rivers in china. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2013, 35(3):77-84.
[6] Cai X B, Zhang Y Q, Shao W. Characteristics of soil fertility in alpine steppes at different degradation grades. Acta Ecologica Snica, 2008, 28(3): 1034-1044.
[7] Walker B H. Rangelandecology:understandingandmanagingchange. Ambio, 1993, 22(2-3): 80-87.
[8] Zheng H, Ouyang Z Y, Wang X K, et al . Effects of forest restoration types on soil quality in red soil eroded region, Southern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(9): 1994-2002.
[9] Zheng J Y, Shao M A, Zhang X C. Spatial variation of surface soil’s bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity on slope in loess region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004, 18(3): 53-56.
[10] Gong R, Zhang G H, Li Z W, et al . Spatial variation of soil bulk density of ephemeral gullies in hilly areas of loess plateau. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(4): 257-262.
[11] Zhang C X, Nan Z B. Research progress on effects of grazing on physical and chemical characteristics of grassland soil. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(4): 204-211.
[12] Fan Y M, Zhu J Z, Wu H Q, et al . Influence of Seriphidium transillense desert grassland degradation on soil physicochemical properties in Northern Xinjiang. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2009, 40(4): 917-920.
[13] Zhou H S, Yang G W, Liu N, et al . Plant community and soil microbial characteristics in typical grasslands of different degradation degrees. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(1): 30-38.
[14] Zhou H K, Zhao X Q, Zhou L, et al . A study on correlations between vegetation degradation and soil degradation in the ‘Alpine Meadow’ of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(3): 31-40.
[15] Li F X, Li X D, Zhou B R, et al . Effects of grazing intensity on biomass and soil physical and chemical characteristics in alpine meadow in the source of three rivers. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(1): 11-18.
[16] Li J B, Cao Q X, Tursunay Reyimujiang, et al . Effects of enclosure on soil physical and chemical quality and enzymatic activity in grassland of Yili Valley in spring-autumn. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2014, 36(1): 84-89.
[17] Sun F D, Long R J, Jiang W L, et al . Alpine meadow plant community biomass and soil bulk density characteristics in different burrowing rodent density plots in the “Three-River Headwaters” region. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008, 17(5): 111-116.
[18] Wang G, Wang J L, Gong L Y, et al . Spatial-temporal evolution of regional eco-security based on GIS-Markov model —A case study of Ganjingzi district in Dalian, Liaoning province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013, 33(8): 957-964.
[19] Wu L L, Zhou Y Z, Chen Z S, et al . Evaluation methods and its application on potentials of land resources based on GIS technology and theories of landscape ecology. Resources Science, 2007, 29(6): 146-153.
[20] Zhao X Q, Wang H B, Yang S H, et al . GIS-based ecological optimization of spatial patterns of land resources. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(9): 4892-4901.
[21] Lv J S, Wu Q Y, Zhang Z L, et al . Land use change and ecological security assessment in Jining City based on RS and GIS. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(8): 928-935.
[22] Yang H F, Gang C C, Mu S J, et al . Analysis of the spatio-temporal variation in net primary productivity of grassland during the past 10 years in Xinjiang. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(3): 39-50.
[23] Yang Y H, Chen Y N, Li W H, et al . Soil organic carbon distribution of different vegetation types in the Ili River Valley. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(5): 605-612.
[24] Animal Husbandry Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Grassland Resources and its Utilization in Xinjiang[M].Urumqi: Health Science and Technology Publishing House in Xinjiang, 1993.
[25] Zhou Y C. Hydrology and Water Resource in Xinjiang[M]. Urumqi: Health Science and Technology Publishing House in Xinjiang, 1999.
[26] Liu F, Zhang H Q, Dong G L. Vegetation dynamics and precipitation sensitivity in Yili Valley grassland. Resources Science, 2014, 36(8): 1724-1731.
[27] Sun H L, Chen Y N, Li W H, et al . Study on types and ecological services values of the grassland in the Ili River basin, Xinjiang, China. Journal of Desert Research, 2011, 31(5): 1273-1277.
[28] Liao G F, Jia Y L. Rangeland Resources of China[M]. Beijing: Science and Technology of China Press, 1996.
[29] Chen K S, Wu T D, Tsang L, et al . Emission of rough surface scalculated by the integralequation method with comparison to three-dimension almoment method simulations. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactionson, 2003, 41(1): 90-101.
[30] Cao W X, Xu C L, Zhang D Z, et al . Ecological responses of soil bulk density and water content to different non-grazing patterns in alpine rhododendron shrubland. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(3): 28-35.
[31] StaviI, Ungar E D, Lavee H, et al . Grazing-induced spatial variability of soil bulk density and content of moisture, organic carbon and calcium carbonate in a semi-arid rangeland. Catena, 2008, 75(3): 288-296.
[32] Zhang Z T, Liu Q. Grassland Resources and its Exploitation and Utilization of China’s Major Pastoral Areas[M]. Beijing: Science and Technology of China Press, 1992.
[33] Cao G D, Chen J H, Xia J, et al . Analysis of soil physical properties under different vegetation types in the alluvial fan area of Manas River watershed. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(1): 195-204.
[34] Wendu R L, Li G, Zhang J N, et al . The study of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity on different grassland in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(5): 94-102.
[35] Wang C T, Long R J, Wang G X, et al . Relationship between plant communities, characters, soil physical and chemical properties, and soil microbiology in alpine meadows. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(6): 25-34.
[36] Li Z, Wu P T, Feng H, et al . Simulated experiment on effects of soil bulk density on soil water holding capacity. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(4): 611-620.
[37] Kosmas C S, Danalatos N G, Moustakas N, et al . The impacts of parent material and landscape position on drought and biomass production of wheat under semi-arid conditions. Soil Technology, 1993, 6(4): 337-349.
[38] Lian G, Guo X D, Fu B J, et al . Spatial variability of bulk density and soil water in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(3): 647-654.
[39] Wang J L, Zhong Z M, Wang Z H, et al . Soil C/P distribution characteristics of alpine steppe ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(2): 9-19.
[40] Liu X X, Liu J, Zhao S W, et al . Spatial variation of topsoil bulk density of farmland on county level in northwest arid area. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 27(4): 148-151.
[41] Yao R J, Yang J S, Liu G M. Spatial variability of soil bulk density in the Yellow River Delta. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2006, 25(4): 11-15.
[1] 谢静, 关文彬, 崔国发, 等. 锡林郭勒草原不同植被类型的土壤水分特性. 东北林业大学学报, 2009, 37(1): 45-48.
[2] 易湘生, 李国胜, 尹衍雨, 等. 黄河源区草地退化对土壤持水性影响的初步研究. 自然资源学报, 2012, 27(10): 1708-1719.
[3] 李绍良, 陈有君, 关世英, 等. 土壤退化与草地退化关系的研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2002, 16(1): 92-95.
[4] 邱莉萍, 张兴昌. 子午岭不同土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(6): 965-972.
[5] 伍星, 李辉霞, 傅伯杰, 等. 三江源地区高寒草地不同退化程度土壤特征研究. 中国草地学报, 2013, 35(3): 77-84.
[6] 蔡晓布, 张永青, 邵伟. 不同退化程度高寒草原土壤肥力变化特征. 生态学报, 2008, 28(3): 1034-1044.
[8] 郑华, 欧阳志云, 王效科, 等. 不同森林恢复类型对南方红壤侵蚀区土壤质量的影响. 生态学报, 2004, 24(9): 1994-2002.
[9] 郑纪勇, 邵明安, 张兴昌. 黄土区坡面表层土壤容重和饱和导水率空间变异特征. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(3): 53-56.
[10] 耿韧, 张光辉, 李振炜, 等. 黄土丘陵区浅沟表层土壤容重的空间变异特征. 水土保持学报, 2014, 28(4): 257-262.
[11] 张成霞, 南志标. 放牧对草地土壤理化特性影响的研究进展. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 204-211.
[12] 范燕敏, 朱进忠, 武红旗, 等. 北疆蒿类荒漠草地退化对土壤理化特性的影响. 土壤通报, 2009, 40(4): 917-920.
[13] 周翰舒, 杨高文, 刘楠, 等. 不同退化程度的草地植被和土壤特征. 草业科学, 2014, 31(1): 30-38.
[14] 周华坤, 赵新全, 周立, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸的植被退化与土壤退化特征研究. 草业学报, 2005, 14(3): 31-40.
[15] 李凤霞, 李晓东, 周秉荣, 等. 放牧强度对三江源典型高寒草甸生物量和土壤理化特征的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(1): 11-18.
[16] 李军保, 曹庆喜, 吐尔逊娜依·热依木江, 等. 围封对伊犁河谷春秋草场土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响. 中国草地学报, 2014, 36(1): 84-89.
[17] 孙飞达, 龙瑞军, 蒋文兰, 等. 三江源区不同鼠洞密度下高寒草甸植物群落生物量和土壤容重特性研究. 草业学报, 2008, 17(5): 111-116.
[18] 王耕, 王嘉丽, 龚丽妍, 等. 基于GIS-Markov区域生态安全时空演变研究——以大连市甘井子区为例. 地理科学, 2013, 33(8): 957-964.
[19] 吴良林, 周永章, 陈子燊, 等. 基于GIS与景观生态原理的土地资源规模化潜力评价. 资源科学, 2007, 29(6): 146-153.
[20] 赵筱青, 王海波, 杨树华, 等. 基于GIS支持下的土地资源空间格局生态优化. 生态学报, 2009, 29(9): 4892-4901.
[21] 吕建树, 吴泉源, 张祖陆, 等. 基于RS和GIS的济宁市土地利用变化及生态安全研究. 地理科学, 2012, 32(8): 928-935.
[22] 杨红飞, 刚成诚, 穆少杰, 等. 近10年新疆草地生态系统净初级生产力及其时空格局变化研究. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 39-50.
[23] 杨玉海, 陈亚宁, 李卫红, 等. 伊犁河谷不同植被带下土壤有机碳分布. 地理学报, 2010, 65(5): 605-612.
[24] 新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧厅. 新疆草地资源及其利用[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科技卫生出版社, 1993.
[25] 周聿超. 新疆河流水文水资源[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科技卫生出版社, 1999.
[26] 刘芳, 张红旗, 董光龙. 伊犁河谷草地植被NDVI变化及其降水敏感性特征. 资源科学, 2014, 36(8): 1724-1731.
[27] 孙慧兰, 陈亚宁, 李卫红, 等. 新疆伊犁河流域草地类型特征及其生态服务价值研究. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(5): 1273-1277.
[28] 廖国藩, 贾幼铃. 中国草地资源[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1996.
[30] 曹文侠, 徐长林, 张德罡, 等. 杜鹃灌丛草地土壤容重与水分特征对不同休牧模式的响应. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 28-35.
[32] 章祖同, 刘起. 中国重点牧区草地资源及其开发利用[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1992.
[33] 曹国栋, 陈接华, 夏军, 等. 玛纳斯河流域扇缘带不同植被类型下土壤物理性质. 生态学报, 2013, 33(1): 195-204.
[34] 文都日乐, 李刚, 张静妮, 等. 呼伦贝尔不同草地类型土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(5): 94-102.
[35] 王长庭, 龙瑞军, 王根绪, 等. 高寒草甸群落地表植被特征与土壤理化性状、土壤微生物之间的相关性研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(6): 25-34.
[36] 李卓, 吴普特, 冯浩, 等. 容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(4): 611-620.
[38] 连纲, 郭旭东, 傅伯杰, 等. 黄土高原小流域土壤容重及水分空间变异特征. 生态学报, 2006, 26(3): 647-654.
[39] 王建林, 钟志明, 王忠红, 等. 青藏高原高寒草原生态系统土壤碳磷比的分布特征. 草业学报, 2014, 23(2): 9-19.
[40] 李晓晓, 刘京, 赵世伟, 等. 西北干旱区县域农田表层土壤容重空间变异性特征. 水土保持学报, 2013, 27(4): 148-151.
[41] 姚荣江, 杨劲松, 刘广明. 黄河三角洲地区土壤容重空间变异性分析. 灌溉排水学报, 2006, 25(4): 11-15.