Root characteristics and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in rice plants cultivated under three different systems

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018743

Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different cultivation methods on the root characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa), the accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in rice plants at different growth stages, and rice yield. The rice variety Y Liangyou 6 was grown in soil containing sufficient amounts of N, P, and K. The design was based on a long-term field experiment (initiated in 1990), with three treatments: flooded paddy field (FPF), conventional paddy-upland rotation tillage (CT), and combined ridge and no-tillage (RNT). The actual yield of the RNT system was 8750.8 kg·ha^-1, significantly higher than the yields from the CT and FPF systems (P<0.05). The rice root length density, root surface area, and specific root length were higher significantly in RNT than in CT at the elongation stage (P<0.05). Compared with the root surface area in the FPF and CT systems, that in RNT was increased by 3.37% and 6.71%, respectively, at the heading stage (1.74 cm²·cm^-3). The RNT system increased rice stem N, P, and K contents by 49.26%, 33.20%, and 59.70% compared with their respective contents in CT at the heading stage. There was no significant difference in the P content of stems and leaves of rice among the three tillage methods, but NPK accumulation was significantly higher in rice plants in the RNT treatment than in those in the CT treatment (P<0.05) at the heading stage. The accumulation rate of NPK in rice plants was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the RNT treatment than in the other treatments at the heading stage, indicating that the accumulation of N, P, and K was significantly increased under RNT. Compared with the N content in mature rice grains in FPF and CT, that in RNT was increased by 24.80% and 14.30%, respectively (P<0.05). The lowest N:K and highest K:P were in the RNT treatment from the tillering to the heading stage, which meant that the absorption, utilization, and distribution of K in rice was significantly improved by the combined ridge cultivation no-tillage system. In conclusion, rice plants cultivated under the RNT system formed strong and active root systems, and were more efficient at accumulating NPK and taking up K from soil. The rice plants cultivated under the RNT system showed the most efficient internal K utilization mechanisms throughout the lifecycle. These results provide a scientific basis for achieving high yields in rice production.

Key words: nutrition uptake, root characteristics, tillage methods, rice

WAN Qi-hui, MA Li-hua, JIANG Xian-jun. Root characteristics and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in rice plants cultivated under three different systems[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(10): 44-52.

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