Research advances in Fusarium root rot of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019105

Abstract

Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has the largest sown area and is the most important forage crop in China and internationally. Root rot disease caused by Fusarium spp. (Fusarium root rot) is one of the major constraints for alfalfa production, and influences the yield and quality of this crop, resulting in the decline and shortened-unitlization life of grassland. Fusarium spp., being one of the most important soil-borne fungal pathogen groups, account for much current reasearch into root rot of alfalfa. Since Fusarium spp. can survive in soil for long periods and alfalfa is a perennial forage, it is particularly difficult to control Fusarium root rot in alfalfa. Research advances in Fusarium root rot of alfalfa in relation to the distribution and damage, pathogen species and biological characteristics, infection sources and occurrence regularity, pathogenicity and pathogenicity mechanisms, cultivar resistance and control methods are summarized and discussed. Finally, future research directions are proposed. This effort should provide theoretical directions for future research as well as the development and implementation of new methods for disease control.

Key words: alfalfa, root rot, Fusarium spp., pathogenicity, disease resistance

FANG Xiang-ling, ZHANG Cai-xia, NAN Zhi-biao. Research advances in Fusarium root rot of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(12): 169-183.

References

[1] Yang Q C, Kang J M, Zhang T J, et al. Distribution, breeding and utilization of alfalfa germplasm resources. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(2): 261-270.
杨青川, 康俊梅, 张铁军, 等. 苜蓿种质资源的分布、育种与利用. 科学通报, 2016, 61(2): 261-270.
[2] Pan X, Gao Y, Liu B, et al. Current situation and prospect of alfalfa in dustry. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2017, (13): 104-107.
潘霞, 高永, 刘博, 等. 苜蓿产业发展现状及前景展望. 绿色科技, 2017, (13): 104-107.
[3] National alfalfa industry development plan. China Agricultural Information, 2017, (4): 9-13.
全国苜蓿产业发展规划. 中国农业信息, 2017, (4): 9-13.
[4] Yang S, Gao M, Xu C, et al. Alfalfa benefits from Medicago truncatula: The RCT1 gene from M. truncatula confers broad-spectrum resistance to anthracnose in alfalfa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008, 105(34): 12164-12169.
[5] Zhang C M, Wang C Z, Hu X F, et al. The nutritional value of alfalfa and its application. Chinese Feed, 2005, (1): 15-17.
张春梅, 王成章, 胡喜峰, 等. 紫花苜蓿的营养价值及应用研究进展. 中国饲料, 2005, (1): 15-17.
[6] Li D.The analysis of the development and countermeasures of alfalfa industry in China. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2012, 39(12): 208-211.
李栋. 中国苜蓿产业发展的现状和面临的问题及对策分析. 中国畜牧兽医, 2012, 39(12): 208-211.
[7] Wu K X, Luo F C.Function and prospect of alfalfa in ecology. Prataculture & Animal Husbandry, 2008, (4): 23-27.
吴开贤, 罗富成. 紫花苜蓿的生态功能及应用前景分析. 草业与畜牧, 2008, (4): 23-27.
[8] Shi S L.Advances in the study of nitrogen fixation of alfalfa Rhizobium and commention on it. Grassland of China, 2005, 27(5): 63-68.
师尚礼. 苜蓿根瘤菌固氮研究进展及浅评. 中国草地, 2005, 27(5): 63-68.
[9] Li Y S.Productivity dynamic of alfalfa and its effects on water eco-environment. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2002, 39(3): 404-411.
李玉山. 苜蓿生产力动态及其水分生态环境效应. 土壤学报, 2002, 39(3): 404-411.
[10] Shi Z Z, Wang M L, Liu Y Z.A study on international competitiveness of China’s forage industy. Pratacultural Science, 2018, 35(10): 2530-2539.
石自忠, 王明利, 刘亚钊. 我国牧草产业国际竞争力分析. 草业科学, 2018, 35(10): 2530-2539.
[11] Pan L Q, Zhang L, Yang C D, et al. Identification and biological characteristics of Fusarium sporotrichioide isolated from Medicago sativa root. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10): 88-98.
潘龙其, 张丽, 杨成德, 等. 紫花苜蓿根腐病原菌拟枝孢镰刀菌的鉴定及其生物学特性研究. 草业学报, 2015, 24(10): 88-98.
[12] Cong L L, Kang J M, Zhang T J, et al. Identification and pathogenicity test of pathogenic Fusarium of alfalfa root rot. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(4): 857-865.
丛丽丽, 康俊梅, 张铁军, 等. 苜蓿镰刀菌根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定与致病性分析. 草地学报, 2017, 25(4): 857-865.
[13] Huang N, Lu X S.Research and resistance evaluation progress on alfalfa leaf and root diseases. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2012, 28(5): 1-7.
黄宁, 卢欣石. 苜蓿叶部与根部病害研究的评价进展. 中国农学通报, 2012, 28(5): 1-7.
[14] Li M Q.Studies on pathogens and resistance to crown and root rot in alfalfa. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2003, 25(1): 40-44.
李敏权. 苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原致病性及品种抗病性研究. 中国草地, 2003, 25(1): 40-44.
[15] Nan Z B.Fungal diseases of cultivated grasses and forage legumes in Loess Platean of Eastern Gansu Province. Pratacultural Science, 1990, 7(4): 30-34.
南志标. 陇东黄土高原栽培牧草真菌病害调查与分析. 草业科学, 1990, 7(4): 30-34.
[16] Nan Z B.Alfalfa disease and its comprehensive prevention and management system. Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2001, 18(4): 81-84.
南志标. 我国的苜蓿病害及其综合防治体系. 动物科学与动物医学, 2001, 18(4): 81-84.
[17] Wang Y, Yuan Q H, Miao L H, et al. The major types and epidemic trends of alfalfa disease in Northeast and North China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(3): 52-59.
王瑜, 袁庆华, 苗丽宏, 等. 东北与华北地区紫花苜蓿病害调查与主要病害流行规律研究. 草业学报, 2016, 25(3): 52-59.
[18] Yuan Q H.Advances in alfalfa diseases in China. Plant Protection, 2007, 33(1): 6-10.
袁庆华. 我国苜蓿病害研究进展. 植物保护, 2007, 33(1): 6-10.
[19] Cao L X, Zhao C H, Bai Q J, et al. Identification of the pathogens causing root rot of alfalfa in Inner Mongolia. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Simica, 2008, 23(6): 105-107.
曹丽霞, 赵存虎, 白全江, 等. 内蒙古中部地区苜蓿根腐病病原研究. 华北农学报, 2008, 23(6): 105-107.
[20] Cong L L, Sun Y, Wang Z, et al. A rapid screening method for evaluating resistance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to Fusarium root rot. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 2018, 40(1): 61-69.
[21] Guo Y X, Nan Z B, Wang C Z, et al. Progress in research on root invading fungi of Medicago sativa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(5): 243-249.
郭玉霞, 南志标, 王成章, 等. 苜蓿根部入侵真菌研究进展. 草业学报, 2009, 18(5): 243-249.
[22] Tu X B, Du G L, Li C J, et al. Research progress in biological control of rangeland pests in China. Chinese Journal of Biolofical Control, 2015, 31(5): 780-788.
涂雄兵, 杜桂林, 李春杰, 等. 草地有害生物生物防治研究进展. 中国生物防治学报, 2015, 31(5): 780-788.
[23] Barbetti M J, Allen J G.Association of Fusarium species, with potential for mycotoxicosis, on pods of annual Medicago in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2005, 56(3): 279-284.
[24] Bani M, Rispail N, Evidente A, et al. Identification of the main toxins isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi race 2 and their relation with isolates’ pathogenicity. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 2014, 62(12): 2574-2580.
[25] Leath K T, Kendall W A.Fusarium root rot of forage species: Pathogenicity and host range. Phytopathology, 1978, 68(6): 826-831.
[26] Hawn E J.Studies on the epidemiology of crown bud rot of alfalfa in southern alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1958, 36(2): 239-250.
[27] Uddin W, Knous T R.Fusarium species associated with crown rot of alfalfa in Nevada. Plant Disease, 1991, 75(1): 51-56.
[28] Couture L, Dhont C, Chalifour F P, et al. Fusarium root and crown rot in alfalfa subjected to autumn harvests. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2002, 82(3): 621-624.
[29] Elnasr H, Leath K T.Crown and root fungal diseases of alfalfa in Egypt. Plant Disease, 1983, 67(5): 509-511.
[30] Nan Z B.Leguminous root rot. Animal Science Abroad. Grassland and Forage grass, 1991, (2): 5-11.
南志标. 豆科牧草根腐病. 国外畜牧学. 草原与牧草, 1991, (2): 5-11.
[31] Yan L, Mei J R.The species of diseases and pests and natural enemies of alfalfa in Qinghai Province. Plant Protection, 1996, 22(5): 24-25.
严林, 梅洁人. 青海省紫花苜蓿病虫种类及害虫天敌的调查. 植物保护, 1996, 22(5): 24-25.
[32] Chen Y J, Cui G W.Investigation on root rot of alfalfa in Heilongjiang Province and separation of pathogens. Grassland of China, 2001, 23(3): 79-80.
陈雅君, 崔国文. 黑龙江省紫花苜蓿根腐病调查及病原分离. 中国草地, 2001, 23(3): 79-80.
[33] Li K M, Zhao L, Sun H Y.Progress and prospect on alfalfa disease in Xinjiang. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 47(7): 1348-1352.
李克梅, 赵莉, 孙红艳. 新疆苜蓿病害研究现状与展望. 新疆农业科学, 2010, 47(7): 1348-1352.
[34] Ruan L, Ma Z H, Liu Z Y, et al. Isolation, identification and toxicit determination of pathogens causing alfalfa root rot. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2016, 21(6): 56-67.
阮柳, 马占鸿, 刘振宇, 等. 苜蓿根腐病的病原分离、鉴定与杀菌剂毒力测定. 中国农业大学学报, 2016, 21(6): 56-67.
[35] Wang X W, Yu N L, Ma D C, et al. The preliminary study of the types and distributions of lucerne diseases in Xinjiang. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 1998, 7(2): 48-52.
王雪薇, 喻宁莉, 马德成, 等. 新疆苜蓿病害种类和分布的初步研究. 草业学报, 1998, 7(2): 48-52.
[36] Chen Y, Min J C, Xiao F, et al. New records of fungal forage disease in Xinjiang. Grassland of China, 1989, (2): 71-73.
陈耀, 闵继淳, 肖凤, 等. 新疆苜蓿根腐病研究初报. 中国草地, 1989, (2): 71-73.
[37] Zhang L, Pan L Q, Wang S R, et al. Study on biological characteristics of the alfalfa phoma leaf spot pathogen. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2015, 20(4): 158-166.
张丽, 潘龙其, 王生荣, 等. 苜蓿茎点霉叶斑病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究. 中国农业大学学报, 2015, 20(4): 158-166.
[38] Stuteville D L, Erwin D C.Compendium of alfalfa diseases. Minnesota: The American Phytopathological Society Press, 1990: 1-59.
[39] Kuan T L, Erwin D C.Formae speciales differentiation of phytophthora megasperma isolates from soybean and alfalfa. Phytopathology, 1980, 70(4): 333-338.
[40] Richard C, Martin J G.The influence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis on total soluble-sugar concentration of infected alfalfa roots. Revue Canadienne De Phytotechnie, 1993, 73(2): 647-649.
[41] Chen Y J, Liu X M, Cui G W, et al. Research progress in root rot of alfalfa. Grassland of China, 2000, (1): 52-57.
陈雅君, 刘学敏, 崔国文, 等. 紫花苜蓿根腐病的研究进展. 中国草地, 2000, (1): 52-57.
[42] Guo Y X, Nan Z B, Li C J, et al. Root-invading fungi of lucerne and winter wheat in the rotation system on the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(3): 486-494.
郭玉霞, 南志标, 李春杰, 等. 黄土高原区苜蓿与小麦轮作系统根部入侵真菌研究. 生态学报, 2004, 24(3): 486-494.
[43] Xin B B, Yuan Q H, Wang Y, et al. Evaluation on disease resistance of different varieties of alfalfa to Fusarium oxysporum. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2016, 38(1): 74-80.
辛宝宝, 袁庆华, 王瑜, 等. 紫花苜蓿对尖孢镰刀菌的抗性评价. 中国草地学报, 2016, 38(1): 74-80.
[44] Huang N, Sun X B, Wang T M, et al. Evaluation of resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) and preliminary screening of check varieties of resistant evaluation from 62 alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivars. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2013, 35(1): 12-17.
黄宁, 孙鑫博, 王铁梅, 等. 62个苜蓿品种抗根腐病评价及抗病评价标准品种的筛选. 中国草地学报, 2013, 35(1): 12-17.
[45] Pan L Q.Study on Fusarium sprotrichioide from Medicago sativa root rot. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2015.
潘龙其. 紫花苜蓿拟枝孢镰刀菌根腐病的研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2015.
[46] Turner V, Van Alfen N K. Crown rot of alfalfa in Utah. Phytopathology, 1983, 73: 1333-1337.
[47] Cormack M W.Fusarium spp. as root parasites of alfalfa and sweet clover in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Research, 1937, 15: 493-510.
[48] Wang D C, Meng Y R, Li W M, et al. Isolation and identification of the pathogens causing root rot disease of Medicago sativa. Pratacultural Science, 2005, 22(10): 78-81.
王多成, 孟有儒, 李文明, 等. 苜蓿根腐病病原菌的分离及鉴定. 草业科学, 2005, 22(10): 78-81.
[49] Bai Y J, Yao Y L, Zhang Z F, et al. Identification of alfalfa root rot caused by Fusarium chlamydosporum and screening of antagonistic bacterial strains. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(2): 78-87.
柏玉晶, 姚玉玲, 张振粉, 等. 紫花苜蓿根腐病原厚垣镰刀菌的鉴定及其拮抗菌的筛选. 草业学报, 2017, 26(2): 78-87.
[50] Li W C, Li W M, Meng Y R.Biological characteristics of dry root rot (Fusarium solani) of Medicago sativa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(4): 106-110.
李万苍, 李文明, 孟有儒. 苜蓿根腐病菌(Fusarium solani)生物学特性研究. 草业学报, 2005, 14(4): 106-110.
[51] Bai Y J, Zhang Z M, Yao Y L, et al. Biological characterstics of Fusarium chlamydosporum, a new pathogen cause alfalfa root rot. Grassland and Turf, 2016, 36(6): 49-54.
柏玉晶, 张贞明, 姚玉玲, 等.紫花苜蓿根腐新病原-厚垣镰孢菌生物学特性研究. 草原与草坪. 2016, 36(6): 49-54.
[52] Pan L Q, Zhang L, Tian J S, et al. Resistance evaluation of different alfalfa varieties to Fusarium sporotrichioides. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(5): 95-101.
潘龙其, 张丽, 田进山, 等. 紫花苜蓿不同品种对拟枝孢镰刀菌的抗性评价. 草业学报, 2016, 25(5): 95-101.
[53] Li G L, Liu F Q, Qu S M, et al. Study on biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum. Heilongjiang Animal Science and veterinary Medicine, 2016, (7): 142-143.
李国良, 刘凤歧, 曲善民, 等. 苜蓿尖孢镰刀菌生物学特性研究. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2016, (7): 142-143.
[54] Kong Q Q, Ruan L, Liu D X, et al. Biological charaterstics of Fusarium causing alfalfa root rot in Heibei Province. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2018, 23(8): 59-76.
孔前前, 阮柳, 刘东霞, 等. 河北苜蓿镰孢菌根腐病病原生物学特性研究. 中国农业大学学报, 2018, 23(8): 59-76.
[55] Marta B L, Antonio M.Arabidopsis defense response against Fusarium oxysporum. Trends in Plant Science, 2008, 13(3): 145-150.
[56] Iida Y, Kurata T, Harimoto Y, et al. Nitrite reductase gene upregulated during conidiation is involved in macroconidium formation in Fusarium oxysporum. Phytopathology, 2008, 98(10): 1099-1106.
[57] Ohara T, Tsuge T.FoSTUA. Encoding a basic helix-loop-helix protein, differentially regulates development of three kinds of asexual spores, macroconidia, microconidia, and chlamydospores, in the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Eukaryotic Cell, 2004, 3(6): 1412-1422.
[58] Liu H B, Yu Y X.Research progress in root rot of alfalfa. Grassland and Turf, 2006, (3): 3-6.
刘海波, 玉永雄. 紫花苜蓿根腐病研究进展. 草原与草坪, 2006, (3): 3-6.
[59] Wu H S, Zhou X D, Shi X, et al. In vitro responses of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum to phenolic acids in decaying watermelon tissues. Phytochemistry Letters, 2014, 8: 171-178.
[60] He C G.Pest control of alfalfa. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2004.
贺春贵. 苜蓿病虫草鼠害防治. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2004.
[61] Rao J, Liu D Q, Ge F, et al. Resistance-related genes for Fusarium in plants. China Biotechnology, 2011, 31(10): 106-112.
饶健, 刘迪秋, 葛锋, 等. 植物来源的镰刀菌抗性相关基因. 中国生物工程杂志, 2011, 31(10): 106-112.
[62] Krnjaja V, Tomic Z, Levic J, et al. Resistance of certain alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L.) to root rot in field conditions. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 2005, 21(5/6): 305-308.
[63] Liu X M, He C Y, Xu Y L.Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and its application to biocontrol. Plant Protection, 2006, 32(5): 5-8.
刘喜梅, 何晨阳, 许艳丽. 非致病性尖孢镰刀菌及其在生物防治中的应用. 植物保护, 2006, 32(5): 5-8.
[64] Hu Q Q.Occurrence status and control measures of alfalfa root rot. Inner Mongolia Prataculture, 2009, 21(1): 37-40.
胡清泉. 紫花苜蓿根腐病的发生现状与防治措施. 内蒙古草业, 2009, 21(1): 37-40.
[65] Zhang R, Ma J H, Yang F, et al. Study on law of field development of alfalfa major deseases in Ningxia. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science Edition), 2004, (S1): 168-171.
张蓉, 马建华, 杨芳, 等. 宁夏苜蓿主要病害田间发生规律的研究. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, (S1): 168-171.
[66] Zhang J, Cao L, Su J W, et al. Beware of the occurrence of alfalfa root rot in the rainy season in the south. Yunnan Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2010, (1): 37-38.
张俊, 曹林, 苏建伟, 等. 南方多雨季节谨防紫花苜蓿根腐病的发生. 云南畜牧兽医, 2010, (1): 37-38.
[67] Li M Q, Chai Z X, Li J H, et al. Identification pathogens of crown and root rot of alfalfa in Dingxi region. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2003, 11(1): 83-86.
李敏权, 柴兆祥, 李金花, 等. 定西地区苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原研究. 草地学报, 2003, 11(1): 83-86.
[68] Zhang J N, Wang T M, Liu Z X,et al. Identification of root rot pathogen in western Inner Mongolia. China Animal Husbandry Association. Proceedings of the 3rd (2014) China Grass Industry Conference, 2014: 6.
张静妮, 王铁梅, 刘自学, 等.内蒙古西部地区苜蓿根腐病病原菌鉴定. 中国畜牧业协会. 第三届(2014)中国草业大会论文集, 2014: 6.
[69] Zaccardelli M, Balmas V A C, Corazza L, et al. Characterization of Italian isolates of Fusarium semitectum from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by AFLP analysis, morphology, pathogenicity and toxin production. Journal of Phytopathology, 2006, 154(7/8): 454-460.
[70] Marasas W F O, Nelson P E, Toussoun T A. Toxigenic Fusarium species. identity and mycotoxicology. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1984.
[71] Kong Q Q, Qin F, Zhang Y Z, et al. Detection of pathogenicity and mycotoxin chemotypes of Fusarium causing alfalfa root rot. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2018, 23(5): 74-85.
孔前前, 秦丰, 张雨竹, 等. 苜蓿镰孢菌根腐病病原致病性和毒素化学型测定. 中国农业大学学报, 2018, 23(5): 74-85.
[72] Zhao H.Studied on population structure and plant pathogenic of Fusarium on alfalfa crown and root in arid-irrigation area. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2009.
赵慧. 干旱灌区苜蓿根及根颈镰刀菌种群结构及致病性研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2009.
[73] Wen Z H.Root rot and its biological control of lucerne growing at Huanxian County, Gansu Province. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2015.
文朝慧. 甘肃环县紫花苜蓿根腐病及其生物防治. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2015.
[74] Nan Z B, Yuan B H.Diseases of lucerne growing at Altai prefecture, Xinjiang. Pratacultural Science, 1994, 11(4): 14-18.
南志标, 员宝华. 新疆阿勒泰地区苜蓿病害. 草业科学, 1994, 11(4): 14-18.
[75] Yi M, Liang J J, Shi J, et al. Identification of Fusaruim acuminatum isolated from Medicago sativa root using the EF-1α sequence analysis method. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(2): 61-68.
易铭, 梁嘉俊, 史建, 等. 采用EF-1α序列分析法对苜蓿根腐病病原菌-锐顶镰刀菌的鉴定. 草业学报, 2017, 26(2): 61-68.
[76] Ding S Y, Li M Q, Zhao H.Identification of disease resistance of different varieties of alfalfa to Fusarium spp. Plant Protection, 2011, 37(1): 110-114.
丁守彦, 李敏权, 赵慧. 不同苜蓿品种对镰孢菌的抗性鉴定. 植物保护, 2011, 37(1): 110-114.
[77] Ma J F, Li M Q, Zhang Z H, et al. Study on relationship between phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and resistance to crown and root rot in alfalfa cultivars. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2003, 12(4): 35-39.
马静芳, 李敏权, 张自和, 等. 苯丙氨酸解氨酶与苜蓿种质根和根颈腐烂病抗病性研究. 草业学报, 2003, 12(4): 35-39.
[78] Guo Y X, Zhang H R, Guan Y Z, et al. Effect of inoculating fungi on protective enzyme activities of alfalfa seedings. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2015, 23(6): 1336-1342.
郭玉霞, 张红瑞, 管永卓, 等. 根腐病原镰刀菌-品种-土壤水分互作对苜蓿保护酶活性的影响. 草地学报, 2015, 23(6): 1336-1342.
[79] Guo Y X, Guo Z P, Zhang J X, et al. Study on the pathogenicity of Fusarium semitectum and disease resistance of alfalfa varieties. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2018, 48(1): 108-118.
郭玉霞, 郭志鹏, 张靖雪, 等. 半裸镰孢致病性及苜蓿品种间的抗病性研究. 植物病理学报, 2018, 48(1): 108-118.
[80] Guo Y X, Guo Z P, Zhang J X, et al. Study on the pathogenicity of Fusarium aurantium and disease resistance of alfalfa varieties. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2018, 48(2): 213-222.
郭玉霞, 郭志鹏, 张靖雪, 等. 锐顶镰孢致病性及苜蓿品种间的抗病性研究. 植物病理学报, 2018, 48(2): 213-222.
[81] Cong L L.Identification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Fusarium root rot-resistant and proteomic analysis of alfalfa response to Fusarium proliferatum. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017.
丛丽丽. 抗镰刀菌根腐病苜蓿品种的鉴定及蛋白质组学研究. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017.
[82] Xin B B, Yuan Q H, Wang Y, et al. Evaluation on resistance of different germplasms of alfalfa to Fusarium equiseti. Plant Protection, 2016, 42(5): 158-164.
辛宝宝, 袁庆华, 王瑜, 等. 不同苜蓿材料对木贼镰刀菌根腐病的抗病性评价. 植物保护, 2016, 42(5): 158-164.
[83] Wiggins B E, Kinkel L L.Green manures and crop sequences influence alfalfa root rot and pathogen inhibitory activity among soil-borne streptomycetes. Plant & Soil, 2005, 268(1): 271-283.
[84] Fang X L, You M P, Barbetti M J.Reduced severity and impact of Fusarium wilt on strawberry by manipulation of soil pH, soil organic amendments and crop rotation. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2012, 134(3): 619-629.
[85] Nyvall R F.Field Crop Diseases Handbook. Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1979: 597-638.
[86] Liu S S, Cheng Y Y, Zhang D, et al. Isolation, identification, and biocontrol effects of Bacillus spp. from the rhizosphere of alfalfa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(9): 96-103.
刘莎莎, 程园园, 张丹, 等. 两株紫花苜蓿根际芽孢杆菌的筛选及生防效果研究. 草业学报, 2015, 24(9): 96-103.
[87] Zhang W W, Guo Z Y, Zhao X D, et al. Effect and identification of volatile compounds from trichoderma against Fusarium oxysporum. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2017, 38(4): 704-715.
张雯雯, 国振宇, 赵晓迪, 等. 木霉菌株挥发性物质拮抗尖孢镰刀菌的效果及其鉴定. 热带作物学报, 2017, 38(4): 704-715.
[88] Wen Z H, Duan T Y, Christensen M J, et al. Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii MB29 controls alfalfa root rot caused by Fusarium semitectum. Biocontrol Science & Technology, 2015, 25(8): 898-910.
[89] Larkin R P, Rpuusda L, Hopkins D L, et al. Suppression of Fusarium wilt of watermelon by nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and other microorganisms recovered from disease-suppressive soil. Phytopathology, 1996, 86(8): 812-819.
[90] Li M Q, Yang B S, Hou J, et al. Toxicity measurement of carbendazim on Fusarium spp. in alfalfa. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2002, 10(4): 270-273.
李敏权, 杨宝生, 侯军, 等. 四种杀菌剂对苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病菌的室内毒力测定. 草地学报, 2002, 10(4): 270-273.