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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 116-129.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020088

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Yield and dynamic responses of yield components of adzuki bean to insolation, temperature and rainfall across five sowing dates

Le-zheng WANG1(), Fang-jing HUA1(), Peng-peng CAO1, Feng-ju GAO1, Wen-rong XIA2   

  1. 1.Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou 253015,China
    2.Dezhou University,Dezhou 253023,China
  • Received:2020-03-05 Revised:2020-05-14 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-08

Abstract:

In order to optimize utilization of meteorological resources for high yield of adzuki bean, this research established a ‘sowing-date series’ of a late- and an early-maturing variety of adzuki bean and monitored light, temperature, rainfall and yield components through the crop development. Late-maturing Huaxiaodou (V1) and early-maturing Dehong 5261 (V2) were the varieties studied. Sowing dates were June 17 (T1), June 22 (T2), June 27 (T3), July 2 (T4), and July 7 (T5). The recorded responses of yield components to insolation, temperature, and rainfall through the crop development were analyzed. It was found that the yield, pod number per plant, and seed weight per plant initially increased then decreased, with ranking T2>T1>T3>T4>T5. The yield of V2 was significantly greater than V1. Seed number per pod and 100-seed weight were not significantly affected by sowing date. The days to maturity, mean leaf area index, and photosynthetic potential decreased gradually through the sowing date series whereas the harvest index increased. The meteorological factors affected the development of the two varieties differently. For V1, in the earlier growth stages, the effective accumulated temperature (AT) was significantly positively correlated with the yield, mean leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, and mean crop growth rate, and was significantly negatively correlated with mean net assimilation rate and harvest index. The rainfall was significantly positively correlated with pod number per unit area. The light was significantly positively correlated with mean leaf-area index, photosynthetic potential, and mean crop growth rate, and was significantly negatively correlated with mean net assimilation rate. In later growing stages, the AT was significantly positively correlated with mean crop growth rate, and light was significantly positively correlated with photosynthetic potential. For V2, in the earlier growth stages, the AT was significantly positively correlated with the yield, pod number per unit area, mean leaf-area index, photosynthetic potential, and mean crop growth rate, and was significantly negatively correlated with harvest index. The rainfall was significantly negatively correlated with mean leaf-area index and mean crop growth rate. Light was significantly positively correlated with days to maturity and photosynthetic potential. Yield was significantly negatively correlated with harvest index and seed number per pod. In the later growth stages of V2, the AT was significantly positively correlated with mean leaf area index, days to maturity and photosynthetic potential, and was significantly negatively correlated with harvest index, seed number per pod and 100-seed weight. Rainfall was significantly positively correlated with mean crop growth rate. Regression analysis between the yield and the distribution of meteorological factors between earlier and later growth stages revealed that, the optimum ratio of resource allocation between the earlier and later growth periods in V1 and V2, respectively were 1.86 and 1.45 for growing days; 2.27 and 1.49 for AT; 49.73 and 1.57 for rainfall; and 1.45 and 0.98 for light. In this experiment, sowing the early-maturing adzuki bean line V2 near to June 20 gave the optimum distribution ratio of light, temperature and rainfall, and resulted in high yield.

Key words: sowing date, yield performance, meteorological factors, summer-sown adzuki bean