Effects of dietary NDF∶NFC ratio on growth performance， nutritive digestibility， ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emissions of Holstein heifers

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020117

Abstract

Abstract:

The present study examined the effect of different dietary neutral detergent fiber/non-fibrous carbohydrate （NDF^{∶NFC） levels on growth performance， nutrient digestibility， ruminal fermentation and methane （CH₄） emissions of Holstein heifers. The objective was to obtain the CH₄ emission data and CH₄ conversion factor （CH₄-E/gross energy intake） under the current production system， to provide scientific evidence and references to develop mitigation strategies. Forty-five 15-month-old Holstein heifers in healthy condition were selected and randomly assigned to three groups， with 15 animals in each group： low NDF∶NFC group （NDF∶NFC=0.60）， medium NDF∶NFC group （NDF∶NFC=0.75）， and high NDF∶NFC group （NDF∶NFC=0.90）. The experiment lasted 70 d with a 14 d adaptation period and 56 d measurement period. It was found that： 1） increasing the dietary NDF∶NFC levels significantly decreased dry matter intake （DMI）， organic matter intake （OMI）， average daily gain （ADG）， DM and crude protein （CP） digestibility （P<0.05）. 2） Increasing the dietary NDF∶NFC levels significantly increased total VFA concentration， acetate content （%） and acetate^{∶propionate ratio， but significantly decreased propionate content （%）（P<0.05）. 3） Increasing the dietary NDF∶NFC levels significantly increased enteric CH₄， methane energy （CH₄-E）， CH₄∶metabolizable body weight， CH₄∶DMI， CH₄∶OMI， CH₄∶NDF intake （P<0.05）. The CH₄ conversion factor significantly increased when dietary NDF∶NFC levels increased （P<0.05）. 4） Several prediction equations were developed using body weight， feed intake， nutrient content， or NDF∶NFC. Among these， an equation developed using DMI and NDF intake had highest R² value of 0.77. It is thus concluded that the increasing dietary NDF∶NFC decreased growth performance， nutrient digestibility， and ruminal propionate concentration， but significantly increased enteric CH₄ emissions and CH₄ conversion factors of Holstein heifers.}}

Key words: dietary NDF∶NFC content, ruminal fermentation, methane emission, prediction model

Li-feng DONG, Xiu-zhu YANG, Yan-hua GAO, Bin-chang LI, Bei WANG, Qi-yu DIAO. Effects of dietary NDF∶NFC ratio on growth performance， nutritive digestibility， ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emissions of Holstein heifers[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(2): 156-165.

Figures/Tables 6

References 36

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项目 Items	处理组 Treatments
项目 Items	低NDF/NFC组Low NDF/NFC group	中NDF/NFC组Medium NDF/NFC group	高NDF/NFC组High NDF/NFC group
原料 Ingredients
全株玉米青贮 Corn silage (%)	30	36	42
燕麦干草 Oat hay (%)	10	12	14
苜蓿草 Alfalfa (%)	10	12	14
精料补充料 Concentrate (%)	50	40	30
合计 Total (%)	100	100	100
营养水平 Nutritional level
干物质 Dry matter (%)	93.3	93.7	93.9
有机物 Organic matter (%)	92.2	92.8	93.1
总能 Gross energy (MJ·kg^-1)	16.6	16.7	16.8
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%)	14.7	14.5	14.1
粗脂肪 Ether extract (%)	3.8	3.8	3.7
粗灰分 Crude ash (%)	7.8	7.2	6.9
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%)	29.3	32.6	36.8
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%)	14.8	17.5	19.8
钙 Ca (%)	0.6	0.5	0.3
磷 Phosphorus (%)	0.3	0.2	0.2
非结构性碳水化合物 Non-fibrous carbohydrate (%)	48.03	44.18	41.24
中性洗涤纤维/非结构性碳水化合物 NDF/NFC	0.60	0.75	0.90

项目 Items	处理组 Treatments
项目 Items	低NDF/NFC组Low NDF/NFC group	中NDF/NFC组Medium NDF/NFC group	高NDF/NFC组High NDF/NFC group
原料 Ingredients
全株玉米青贮 Corn silage (%)	30	36	42
燕麦干草 Oat hay (%)	10	12	14
苜蓿草 Alfalfa (%)	10	12	14
精料补充料 Concentrate (%)	50	40	30
合计 Total (%)	100	100	100
营养水平 Nutritional level
干物质 Dry matter (%)	93.3	93.7	93.9
有机物 Organic matter (%)	92.2	92.8	93.1
总能 Gross energy (MJ·kg^-1)	16.6	16.7	16.8
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%)	14.7	14.5	14.1
粗脂肪 Ether extract (%)	3.8	3.8	3.7
粗灰分 Crude ash (%)	7.8	7.2	6.9
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%)	29.3	32.6	36.8
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%)	14.8	17.5	19.8
钙 Ca (%)	0.6	0.5	0.3
磷 Phosphorus (%)	0.3	0.2	0.2
非结构性碳水化合物 Non-fibrous carbohydrate (%)	48.03	44.18	41.24
中性洗涤纤维/非结构性碳水化合物 NDF/NFC	0.60	0.75	0.90

项目 Items	处理组 Treatments			SEM	P 值 P-value
项目 Items	低NDF/NFC组 Low NDF/NFC group	中NDF/NFC组 Medium NDF/NFC group	高NDF/NFC组 High NDF/NFC group	SEM	P 值 P-value
月龄Month age	14.9	14.6	14.7	0.33	0.965
体重 Body weight (kg)	429.3	424.4	422.2	8.82	0.945
干物质采食量 Dry matter intake (DMI, kg·d^-1)	7.96a	7.78b	7.44c	0.23	0.014
有机物采食量 Organic matter intake (OMI, kg·d^-1)	7.42a	7.22b	6.86c	0.13	<0.01
中性洗涤纤维采食量 Neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI, kg·d^-1)	2.18c	2.53b	2.93a	0.23	0.031
非结构性碳水化合物采食量 Non-fibrous carbohydrate intake (NFCI, kg·d^-1)	3.30a	3.26a	3.06b	0.18	<0.01
总能摄入量 Gross energy intake (GEI, kg·d^-1)	132.2a	129.9b	124.9c	1.69	<0.01
平均日增重 Average daily gain (ADG, kg·d^-1)	1.05a	0.99a	0.87b	0.03	0.005

项目 Items	处理组 Treatments			SEM	P 值 P-value
项目 Items	低NDF/NFC组 Low NDF/NFC group	中NDF/NFC组 Medium NDF/NFC group	高NDF/NFC组 High NDF/NFC group	SEM	P 值 P-value
月龄Month age	14.9	14.6	14.7	0.33	0.965
体重 Body weight (kg)	429.3	424.4	422.2	8.82	0.945
干物质采食量 Dry matter intake (DMI, kg·d^-1)	7.96a	7.78b	7.44c	0.23	0.014
有机物采食量 Organic matter intake (OMI, kg·d^-1)	7.42a	7.22b	6.86c	0.13	<0.01
中性洗涤纤维采食量 Neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI, kg·d^-1)	2.18c	2.53b	2.93a	0.23	0.031
非结构性碳水化合物采食量 Non-fibrous carbohydrate intake (NFCI, kg·d^-1)	3.30a	3.26a	3.06b	0.18	<0.01
总能摄入量 Gross energy intake (GEI, kg·d^-1)	132.2a	129.9b	124.9c	1.69	<0.01
平均日增重 Average daily gain (ADG, kg·d^-1)	1.05a	0.99a	0.87b	0.03	0.005

项目 Items	处理组 Treatments			SEM	P 值 P-value
项目 Items	低NDF/NFC组Low NDF/NFC group	中NDF/NFC组Medium NDF/NFC group	高NDF/NFC组High NDF/NFC group	SEM	P 值 P-value
pH	6.39	6.54	6.41	0.047	0.064
氨态氮 NH₃-N (mmol·L^-1)	7.85	7.64	7.72	0.231	0.057
总挥发性脂肪酸 Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA, mmol·L^-1)	113.60c	127.40b	136.80a	3.520	<0.01
乙酸 Acetate (%)	66.72c	69.13b	71.06a	0.302	<0.01
丙酸 Propionate (%)	16.86a	15.45b	13.16c	0.109	<0.01
丁酸 Butyrate (%)	6.37a	6.12b	5.79c	0.116	<0.01
戊酸 Valerate (%)	2.32	2.41	2.36	0.241	0.093
异戊酸Isovalerate (%)	1.52	1.47	1.71	0.072	0.370
异丁酸isobutyrate (%)	1.71	1.74	1.75	0.091	0.150
乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/propionate	4.06c	4.37b	5.14a	0.086	<0.01