Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 181-197.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022441
Tian TIAN1,2,3(), Jun-qiao LI1,2,3(), Bin MA4, Xin-ci WANG1,2,3, Jun-ru QU1,2,3
Received:
2022-11-09
Revised:
2023-01-12
Online:
2023-09-20
Published:
2023-07-12
Contact:
Jun-qiao LI
Tian TIAN, Jun-qiao LI, Bin MA, Xin-ci WANG, Jun-ru QU. Study on sampling strategy of Potentilla anserina in the wild based on SSR molecular markers[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(9): 181-197.
Fig.6 Sample path and mantle test of relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance of P. anserina in Ruoergai County, Sichuan Province
Fig.12 Sample path and mantle test of relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance of P. anserina in Baxoi County, Tibet Autonomous Region
Fig.14 Sample path and mantle test of relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance of P. anserina in Nanmulin County, Tibet Autonomous Region
采样地点 Sampling site | 居群编号 Name of population | 采样数量 Samples size | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 伴生植物 Accompanying plants |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
青海省河南县Henan County, Qinghai Province | HNX | 37 | 3550~3792 | 34°47′21″- 35°05′03″ | 101°28′23″- 101°39′17″ | 金露梅Potentilla fruticosa,珍珠梅Sorbaria sorbifolia,龙芽草Agrimonia pilosa, 东方草莓Fragaria orientalis,纤细草莓Fragaria gracilis,绣线菊Spiraea salicifolia,高山绣线菊Spiraea alpina,鲜卑花Sibiraea laevigata,二裂叶委陵菜Potentilla bifurca,多茎委陵菜Potentilla multicaulis,莓叶委陵菜Potentilla fragarioides,委陵菜Potentilla chinensis |
青海省祁连县Qilian County, Qinghai Province | QLX | 36 | 2991~3483 | 37°22′33″- 37°38′35″ | 101°22′41″- 101°25′32″ | |
西藏自治区八宿县Baxoi County, Tibet Autonomous Region | BSX | 34 | 3913~4457 | 30°16′43″- 30°48′27″ | 97°02′01″- 99°15′60″ | |
西藏自治区南木林县Nanmulin County, Tibet Autonomous Region | NMX | 33 | 3835~3926 | 29°22′41″- 29°33′59″ | 89°04′32″- 89°06′02″ | |
甘肃省碌曲县Luqu County, Gansu Province | LUX | 36 | 2988~3335 | 34°34′24″- 34°48′55″ | 102°27′46″- 102°43′59″ | |
四川省若尔盖县Ruoergai County, Sichuan Province | REG | 34 | 3446~3480 | 33°42′34″- 33°59′52″ | 102°46′14″- 102°57′53″ |
Table 1 Basic information of sampling points
采样地点 Sampling site | 居群编号 Name of population | 采样数量 Samples size | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 伴生植物 Accompanying plants |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
青海省河南县Henan County, Qinghai Province | HNX | 37 | 3550~3792 | 34°47′21″- 35°05′03″ | 101°28′23″- 101°39′17″ | 金露梅Potentilla fruticosa,珍珠梅Sorbaria sorbifolia,龙芽草Agrimonia pilosa, 东方草莓Fragaria orientalis,纤细草莓Fragaria gracilis,绣线菊Spiraea salicifolia,高山绣线菊Spiraea alpina,鲜卑花Sibiraea laevigata,二裂叶委陵菜Potentilla bifurca,多茎委陵菜Potentilla multicaulis,莓叶委陵菜Potentilla fragarioides,委陵菜Potentilla chinensis |
青海省祁连县Qilian County, Qinghai Province | QLX | 36 | 2991~3483 | 37°22′33″- 37°38′35″ | 101°22′41″- 101°25′32″ | |
西藏自治区八宿县Baxoi County, Tibet Autonomous Region | BSX | 34 | 3913~4457 | 30°16′43″- 30°48′27″ | 97°02′01″- 99°15′60″ | |
西藏自治区南木林县Nanmulin County, Tibet Autonomous Region | NMX | 33 | 3835~3926 | 29°22′41″- 29°33′59″ | 89°04′32″- 89°06′02″ | |
甘肃省碌曲县Luqu County, Gansu Province | LUX | 36 | 2988~3335 | 34°34′24″- 34°48′55″ | 102°27′46″- 102°43′59″ | |
四川省若尔盖县Ruoergai County, Sichuan Province | REG | 34 | 3446~3480 | 33°42′34″- 33°59′52″ | 102°46′14″- 102°57′53″ |
引物 Primer | 正向引物 Forward primer (5′→3′) | 反向引物 Reverse primer (3′→5′) | 重复基元 Repeat elements | 目的片段 Target segments size (bp) | 退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P3 | TTTCTGCACGTTGGCTTCTT | CAAACTTCAATTTGGTTTCC | (CT)12 | 148 | 54 |
P5 | GAGATAGATCGACGAGAAGGG | AACAAGACAATGCAGAAAAGG | (AG)21 | 190 | 58 |
P6 | AAGTAAGAACCGAGGCAAAAT | GATAAAAGAGCCCATCATCAC | (GA)13 | 151 | 55 |
P8 | CCGTGAAGCAGACCATAATAGC | TCTACACCCTTTCGCCCATAT | (CT)13 | 254 | 58 |
P12 | AACAATAGAGCCGTTGGAGA | CCTTGGATGCTAGACTGGAC | (TC)14 | 125 | 55 |
P14 | AGGAGGGACCTGGTTTGGTT | CAGTGCAGCTCAGCCTCACG | (GA)9 | 227 | 60 |
P15 | GAAGACTGAAGACCCAACAT | GAATTCTCACCGGCCATTAT | (CT)12 | 104 | 56 |
P18 | GCCCTGCATTCATTCACAAGA | ACCACCCAACCCTGAATCCTA | (TG)8(AG)14 | 188 | 58 |
P19 | CAGAAGTCCAACAGTCGGTGAG | TTTGCAGCTAGAGGGATGTCA | (TC)14 | 165 | 57 |
P21 | AACCCAACAGAATCAAAACAC | TAAGTTTTCAGGATAGTGATG | (TC)13 | 164 | 57 |
P24 | ACTAATACTGGTAAGCGAGAAA | GCTGAAAGTTATTGAAGAGCC | (GT)8 | 295 | 53 |
P25 | GTGAATTTAGAAGCCATTTA | TAGTATTGGAACGCAACTAC | (AT)10(GT)7 | 157 | 56 |
P26 | GCGATCTAACAAGAGCTGAAC | GAGGAAAGGAATTTTGAAGTG | (AC)7 | 197 | 55 |
P27 | GAATTCAGCGCAACAATTCAT | TTCATGTTTATGGACAAGGCA | (AC)9 | 130 | 56 |
P28 | AGTTGCCGGGATCAGAAGAAG | AAAGTGACCTCCCATCAAGAA | (TG)4(TG)8 | 181 | 58 |
P30 | ATTCTAGCAAACAACACCAT | TCAACCAAAATAACGACAGT | (CA)8(TA)5 | 129 | 54 |
P31 | TTAATGGCAGTGCAAGCATGC | CATCAATCCAGGCATTCCCAA | (AC)8 | 105 | 56 |
P32 | TGGTGATGGGAGACAAAGTAT | TGAGATCTACTGCAAATTCCT | (AC)7 | 103 | 53 |
P34 | GTTGTGAACGCAAATAAACC | ATTCCTCCTCTTCCGTAATC | (AG)11 | 243 | 58 |
P40 | ACAGAGGTTCAAACGCAAAGA | GGCAGGTACTGATACCACAAA | (CA)6 | 83 | 55 |
Table 2 The information of SSR primer sequence
引物 Primer | 正向引物 Forward primer (5′→3′) | 反向引物 Reverse primer (3′→5′) | 重复基元 Repeat elements | 目的片段 Target segments size (bp) | 退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P3 | TTTCTGCACGTTGGCTTCTT | CAAACTTCAATTTGGTTTCC | (CT)12 | 148 | 54 |
P5 | GAGATAGATCGACGAGAAGGG | AACAAGACAATGCAGAAAAGG | (AG)21 | 190 | 58 |
P6 | AAGTAAGAACCGAGGCAAAAT | GATAAAAGAGCCCATCATCAC | (GA)13 | 151 | 55 |
P8 | CCGTGAAGCAGACCATAATAGC | TCTACACCCTTTCGCCCATAT | (CT)13 | 254 | 58 |
P12 | AACAATAGAGCCGTTGGAGA | CCTTGGATGCTAGACTGGAC | (TC)14 | 125 | 55 |
P14 | AGGAGGGACCTGGTTTGGTT | CAGTGCAGCTCAGCCTCACG | (GA)9 | 227 | 60 |
P15 | GAAGACTGAAGACCCAACAT | GAATTCTCACCGGCCATTAT | (CT)12 | 104 | 56 |
P18 | GCCCTGCATTCATTCACAAGA | ACCACCCAACCCTGAATCCTA | (TG)8(AG)14 | 188 | 58 |
P19 | CAGAAGTCCAACAGTCGGTGAG | TTTGCAGCTAGAGGGATGTCA | (TC)14 | 165 | 57 |
P21 | AACCCAACAGAATCAAAACAC | TAAGTTTTCAGGATAGTGATG | (TC)13 | 164 | 57 |
P24 | ACTAATACTGGTAAGCGAGAAA | GCTGAAAGTTATTGAAGAGCC | (GT)8 | 295 | 53 |
P25 | GTGAATTTAGAAGCCATTTA | TAGTATTGGAACGCAACTAC | (AT)10(GT)7 | 157 | 56 |
P26 | GCGATCTAACAAGAGCTGAAC | GAGGAAAGGAATTTTGAAGTG | (AC)7 | 197 | 55 |
P27 | GAATTCAGCGCAACAATTCAT | TTCATGTTTATGGACAAGGCA | (AC)9 | 130 | 56 |
P28 | AGTTGCCGGGATCAGAAGAAG | AAAGTGACCTCCCATCAAGAA | (TG)4(TG)8 | 181 | 58 |
P30 | ATTCTAGCAAACAACACCAT | TCAACCAAAATAACGACAGT | (CA)8(TA)5 | 129 | 54 |
P31 | TTAATGGCAGTGCAAGCATGC | CATCAATCCAGGCATTCCCAA | (AC)8 | 105 | 56 |
P32 | TGGTGATGGGAGACAAAGTAT | TGAGATCTACTGCAAATTCCT | (AC)7 | 103 | 53 |
P34 | GTTGTGAACGCAAATAAACC | ATTCCTCCTCTTCCGTAATC | (AG)11 | 243 | 58 |
P40 | ACAGAGGTTCAAACGCAAAGA | GGCAGGTACTGATACCACAAA | (CA)6 | 83 | 55 |
引物 Primer | 等位基因数目 Number of alleles | 多态性指数 Polymorphism information content (PIC) | 扩增产物大小 Amplified product size (bp) | 引物 Primer | 等位基因数目 Number of alleles | 多态性指数 Polymorphism information content (PIC) | 扩增产物大小 Amplified product size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P3 | 7 | 0.82 | 128~158 | P24 | 4 | 0.66 | 286~306 |
P5 | 4 | 0.63 | 166~184 | P25 | 6 | 0.75 | 144~172 |
P6 | 6 | 0.55 | 148~198 | P26 | 3 | 0.44 | 180~200 |
P8 | 3 | 0.58 | 248~256 | P27 | 4 | 0.58 | 118~126 |
P12 | 5 | 0.67 | 118~138 | P28 | 6 | 0.73 | 162~188 |
P14 | 4 | 0.43 | 200~234 | P30 | 4 | 0.62 | 122~134 |
P15 | 6 | 0.62 | 86~118 | P31 | 3 | 0.58 | 92~104 |
P18 | 6 | 0.72 | 182~244 | P32 | 4 | 0.69 | 96~104 |
P19 | 7 | 0.80 | 152~188 | P34 | 2 | 0.25 | 212~220 |
P21 | 5 | 0.52 | 158~180 | P40 | 4 | 0.65 | 78~92 |
Table 3 The polymorphic information content of 20 SSR primers
引物 Primer | 等位基因数目 Number of alleles | 多态性指数 Polymorphism information content (PIC) | 扩增产物大小 Amplified product size (bp) | 引物 Primer | 等位基因数目 Number of alleles | 多态性指数 Polymorphism information content (PIC) | 扩增产物大小 Amplified product size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P3 | 7 | 0.82 | 128~158 | P24 | 4 | 0.66 | 286~306 |
P5 | 4 | 0.63 | 166~184 | P25 | 6 | 0.75 | 144~172 |
P6 | 6 | 0.55 | 148~198 | P26 | 3 | 0.44 | 180~200 |
P8 | 3 | 0.58 | 248~256 | P27 | 4 | 0.58 | 118~126 |
P12 | 5 | 0.67 | 118~138 | P28 | 6 | 0.73 | 162~188 |
P14 | 4 | 0.43 | 200~234 | P30 | 4 | 0.62 | 122~134 |
P15 | 6 | 0.62 | 86~118 | P31 | 3 | 0.58 | 92~104 |
P18 | 6 | 0.72 | 182~244 | P32 | 4 | 0.69 | 96~104 |
P19 | 7 | 0.80 | 152~188 | P34 | 2 | 0.25 | 212~220 |
P21 | 5 | 0.52 | 158~180 | P40 | 4 | 0.65 | 78~92 |
居群 Populations | 位点数 Loci | 多态位点数 Number of polymorphic loci | 观测等位基因 Observed number of alleles (Na) | 有效等位基因 Effective number of allele (Ne) | 平均杂合度 Average heterozygosity (H) | 香农指数 Shannon index (I) | 多态位点百分率 Percentage of polymorphic (PPB, %) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南木林县NMX | 93 | 78 | 1.8387 | 1.4076 | 0.2426 | 0.3713 | 83.87 |
碌曲县LQX | 93 | 85 | 1.9140 | 1.4225 | 0.2519 | 0.3877 | 91.40 |
河南县HNX | 93 | 79 | 1.8495 | 1.3725 | 0.2273 | 0.3542 | 84.95 |
祁连县QLX | 93 | 89 | 1.9570 | 1.4644 | 0.2797 | 0.4287 | 95.70 |
八宿县BSX | 93 | 75 | 1.8065 | 1.4094 | 0.2445 | 0.3725 | 80.65 |
若尔盖县REG | 93 | 79 | 1.8495 | 1.4006 | 0.2407 | 0.3709 | 84.95 |
平均Average | 93 | 81 | 1.8387 | 1.4128 | 0.2478 | 0.3809 | 86.92 |
Table 4 Genetic diversity of the six P. anserina populations
居群 Populations | 位点数 Loci | 多态位点数 Number of polymorphic loci | 观测等位基因 Observed number of alleles (Na) | 有效等位基因 Effective number of allele (Ne) | 平均杂合度 Average heterozygosity (H) | 香农指数 Shannon index (I) | 多态位点百分率 Percentage of polymorphic (PPB, %) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南木林县NMX | 93 | 78 | 1.8387 | 1.4076 | 0.2426 | 0.3713 | 83.87 |
碌曲县LQX | 93 | 85 | 1.9140 | 1.4225 | 0.2519 | 0.3877 | 91.40 |
河南县HNX | 93 | 79 | 1.8495 | 1.3725 | 0.2273 | 0.3542 | 84.95 |
祁连县QLX | 93 | 89 | 1.9570 | 1.4644 | 0.2797 | 0.4287 | 95.70 |
八宿县BSX | 93 | 75 | 1.8065 | 1.4094 | 0.2445 | 0.3725 | 80.65 |
若尔盖县REG | 93 | 79 | 1.8495 | 1.4006 | 0.2407 | 0.3709 | 84.95 |
平均Average | 93 | 81 | 1.8387 | 1.4128 | 0.2478 | 0.3809 | 86.92 |
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 Degree of freedom (df) | 均方和 Sum of squares (SS) | 均方偏差 Mean square error (MS) | 变异方差分量 Variance components | 方差分量占比 Percentage of variation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
居群间Among pops | 5 | 497.137 | 99.427 | 2.477 | 16 |
居群内Within pops | 204 | 2600.025 | 12.745 | 12.745 | 84 |
总计Total | 209 | 3097.162 | - | 15.223 | 100 |
Table 5 AMOVA analysis of six P. anserina populations
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 Degree of freedom (df) | 均方和 Sum of squares (SS) | 均方偏差 Mean square error (MS) | 变异方差分量 Variance components | 方差分量占比 Percentage of variation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
居群间Among pops | 5 | 497.137 | 99.427 | 2.477 | 16 |
居群内Within pops | 204 | 2600.025 | 12.745 | 12.745 | 84 |
总计Total | 209 | 3097.162 | - | 15.223 | 100 |
群体1 Population 1 | 群体2 Population 2 | 遗传分化指数 Gene differentiation coefficient (Fst) | 基因流 Gene flow (Nm) | 种质数Accessions | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
群体1 Population 1 | 群体2 Population 2 | ||||
八宿县BSX | 河南县HNX | 0.069 | 0.933 | 34 | 37 |
八宿县BSX | 碌曲县LQX | 0.066 | 0.936 | 34 | 36 |
河南县HNX | 碌曲县LQX | 0.014 | 0.986 | 37 | 36 |
八宿县BSX | 南木林县NMX | 0.084 | 0.919 | 34 | 33 |
河南县HNX | 南木林县NMX | 0.070 | 0.932 | 37 | 33 |
碌曲县LQX | 南木林县NMX | 0.068 | 0.934 | 36 | 33 |
八宿县BSX | 祁连县QLX | 0.073 | 0.930 | 34 | 36 |
河南县HNX | 祁连县QLX | 0.046 | 0.955 | 37 | 36 |
碌曲县LQX | 祁连县QLX | 0.040 | 0.961 | 36 | 36 |
南木林县NMX | 祁连县QLX | 0.074 | 0.929 | 33 | 36 |
八宿县BSX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.040 | 0.961 | 34 | 34 |
河南县HNX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.027 | 0.973 | 37 | 34 |
碌曲县LQX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.026 | 0.975 | 36 | 34 |
南木林县NMX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.064 | 0.938 | 33 | 34 |
碌曲县LQX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.047 | 0.954 | 36 | 34 |
Table 6 The Fst and Nm among P. anserina populations
群体1 Population 1 | 群体2 Population 2 | 遗传分化指数 Gene differentiation coefficient (Fst) | 基因流 Gene flow (Nm) | 种质数Accessions | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
群体1 Population 1 | 群体2 Population 2 | ||||
八宿县BSX | 河南县HNX | 0.069 | 0.933 | 34 | 37 |
八宿县BSX | 碌曲县LQX | 0.066 | 0.936 | 34 | 36 |
河南县HNX | 碌曲县LQX | 0.014 | 0.986 | 37 | 36 |
八宿县BSX | 南木林县NMX | 0.084 | 0.919 | 34 | 33 |
河南县HNX | 南木林县NMX | 0.070 | 0.932 | 37 | 33 |
碌曲县LQX | 南木林县NMX | 0.068 | 0.934 | 36 | 33 |
八宿县BSX | 祁连县QLX | 0.073 | 0.930 | 34 | 36 |
河南县HNX | 祁连县QLX | 0.046 | 0.955 | 37 | 36 |
碌曲县LQX | 祁连县QLX | 0.040 | 0.961 | 36 | 36 |
南木林县NMX | 祁连县QLX | 0.074 | 0.929 | 33 | 36 |
八宿县BSX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.040 | 0.961 | 34 | 34 |
河南县HNX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.027 | 0.973 | 37 | 34 |
碌曲县LQX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.026 | 0.975 | 36 | 34 |
南木林县NMX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.064 | 0.938 | 33 | 34 |
碌曲县LQX | 若尔盖县REG | 0.047 | 0.954 | 36 | 34 |
居群 Populations | 南木林县 NMX | 碌曲县 LQX | 河南县 HNX | 祁连县 QLX | 八宿县 BSX | 若尔盖县 REG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南木林县NMX | - | 0.9344 | 0.9321 | 0.9290 | 0.9194 | 0.9379 |
碌曲县LQX | 0.0678 | - | 0.9860 | 0.9608 | 0.9358 | 0.9747 |
河南县HNX | 0.0703 | 0.0141 | - | 0.9549 | 0.9335 | 0.9729 |
祁连县QLX | 0.0736 | 0.0400 | 0.0462 | - | 0.9296 | 0.9542 |
八宿县BSX | 0.0840 | 0.0663 | 0.0689 | 0.0730 | - | 0.9613 |
若尔盖县REG | 0.0641 | 0.0256 | 0.0274 | 0.0468 | 0.0395 | - |
Table 7 Genetic identity and genetic distance of six P. anserina populations
居群 Populations | 南木林县 NMX | 碌曲县 LQX | 河南县 HNX | 祁连县 QLX | 八宿县 BSX | 若尔盖县 REG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南木林县NMX | - | 0.9344 | 0.9321 | 0.9290 | 0.9194 | 0.9379 |
碌曲县LQX | 0.0678 | - | 0.9860 | 0.9608 | 0.9358 | 0.9747 |
河南县HNX | 0.0703 | 0.0141 | - | 0.9549 | 0.9335 | 0.9729 |
祁连县QLX | 0.0736 | 0.0400 | 0.0462 | - | 0.9296 | 0.9542 |
八宿县BSX | 0.0840 | 0.0663 | 0.0689 | 0.0730 | - | 0.9613 |
若尔盖县REG | 0.0641 | 0.0256 | 0.0274 | 0.0468 | 0.0395 | - |
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