Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 33-49.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023074
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Ji-mei ZHAO1,2(), Xia-song HU3(), Jiang-tao FU4, Chang-yi LIU3, Guang-yan XING1, Fu-cheng YANG3, Pei-hao ZHANG3, Zhe ZHOU3
Received:
2023-03-07
Revised:
2023-05-31
Online:
2024-01-20
Published:
2023-11-23
Contact:
Xia-song HU
Ji-mei ZHAO, Xia-song HU, Jiang-tao FU, Chang-yi LIU, Guang-yan XING, Fu-cheng YANG, Pei-hao ZHANG, Zhe ZHOU. Vegetation distribution patterns and root mechanical properties of selected plant species on the Xijitan giant landslide in the upper reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(1): 33-49.
科名 Families | 属数 Genera | 种数 Species | 占总种百分比 Percentage in total species (%) |
---|---|---|---|
菊科Asteraceae | 8 | 11 | 21.6 |
禾本科Poaceae | 9 | 12 | 23.5 |
豆科Fabaceae | 3 | 5 | 9.8 |
藜科Chenopodiaceae | 4 | 4 | 7.8 |
蔷薇科Rosaceae | 1 | 3 | 5.8 |
莎草科Cyperaceae | 2 | 3 | 5.8 |
蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae | 3 | 3 | 5.8 |
十字花科Brassicaceae | 2 | 2 | 3.9 |
蓼科Polygonacea | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
百合科Liliaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
柽柳科Tamaricaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
车前科Plantaginaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
瑞香科Thymelaeaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
亚麻科Linaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
茄科Solanaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
总计Total | 40 | 51 | 100.0 |
Table 1 Results of plant species composition distribution in Xijitan landslide area
科名 Families | 属数 Genera | 种数 Species | 占总种百分比 Percentage in total species (%) |
---|---|---|---|
菊科Asteraceae | 8 | 11 | 21.6 |
禾本科Poaceae | 9 | 12 | 23.5 |
豆科Fabaceae | 3 | 5 | 9.8 |
藜科Chenopodiaceae | 4 | 4 | 7.8 |
蔷薇科Rosaceae | 1 | 3 | 5.8 |
莎草科Cyperaceae | 2 | 3 | 5.8 |
蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae | 3 | 3 | 5.8 |
十字花科Brassicaceae | 2 | 2 | 3.9 |
蓼科Polygonacea | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
百合科Liliaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
柽柳科Tamaricaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
车前科Plantaginaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
瑞香科Thymelaeaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
亚麻科Linaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
茄科Solanaceae | 1 | 1 | 2.0 |
总计Total | 40 | 51 | 100.0 |
植物生长位置 Plant growth position | 土体平均密度 Average density of soil mass (g·cm-3) | 土体平均含水量 Average moisture content of soil mass (%) | d60 (mm) | d30 (mm) | d10 (mm) | 不均匀系数 Uniformity coefficient (Cu) | 曲率系数 Curvature coefficient (Cc) | 土体分类 Soil classification | 土体类型 Soil type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
滑坡前缘 Front of landslide | 1.47±0.11 | 5.95±2.20 | 2.17 | 0.33 | 0.07 | 29.70 | 0.68 | 不良级配 Poor grading | 砂类土 Sandy soil |
滑坡中部 Middle of landslide | 1.37±0.15 | 10.57±3.80 | 0.63 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 7.58 | 0.78 | 不良级配 Poor grading | 砂类土 Sandy soil |
滑坡后壁 Rear edge of landslide | 1.59±0.14 | 8.47±1.68 | 0.78 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 13.03 | 0.53 | 不良级配 Poor grading | 砂类土 Sandy soil |
Table 2 Test results of soil physical properties indexes in the study area
植物生长位置 Plant growth position | 土体平均密度 Average density of soil mass (g·cm-3) | 土体平均含水量 Average moisture content of soil mass (%) | d60 (mm) | d30 (mm) | d10 (mm) | 不均匀系数 Uniformity coefficient (Cu) | 曲率系数 Curvature coefficient (Cc) | 土体分类 Soil classification | 土体类型 Soil type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
滑坡前缘 Front of landslide | 1.47±0.11 | 5.95±2.20 | 2.17 | 0.33 | 0.07 | 29.70 | 0.68 | 不良级配 Poor grading | 砂类土 Sandy soil |
滑坡中部 Middle of landslide | 1.37±0.15 | 10.57±3.80 | 0.63 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 7.58 | 0.78 | 不良级配 Poor grading | 砂类土 Sandy soil |
滑坡后壁 Rear edge of landslide | 1.59±0.14 | 8.47±1.68 | 0.78 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 13.03 | 0.53 | 不良级配 Poor grading | 砂类土 Sandy soil |
滑坡位置 Landslide location | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Rapid available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Rapid available potassium (mg·kg-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
滑坡前缘 Front of landslide | 0.69±0.45b | 1.62±0.08b | 20.57±1.77a | 7.64±7.21b | 41.50±32.46b | 3.68±2.07a | 74.00±62.74b | 8.90±0.57a |
滑坡中部 Middle of landslide | 2.21±0.60a | 1.84±0.16a | 21.78±2.33a | 30.56±7.94a | 131.18±62.92a | 7.27±5.22a | 243.00±138.73a | 8.34±0.37a |
滑坡后壁 Rear edge of landslide | 1.50±0.52a | 1.69±0.09ab | 22.50±1.94a | 20.61±9.61a | 93.33±47.43ab | 4.83±2.25a | 198.33±69.17ab | 8.41±0.18a |
Table 3 Test results of soil nutrient element content in different locations of the study area
滑坡位置 Landslide location | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Rapid available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Rapid available potassium (mg·kg-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
滑坡前缘 Front of landslide | 0.69±0.45b | 1.62±0.08b | 20.57±1.77a | 7.64±7.21b | 41.50±32.46b | 3.68±2.07a | 74.00±62.74b | 8.90±0.57a |
滑坡中部 Middle of landslide | 2.21±0.60a | 1.84±0.16a | 21.78±2.33a | 30.56±7.94a | 131.18±62.92a | 7.27±5.22a | 243.00±138.73a | 8.34±0.37a |
滑坡后壁 Rear edge of landslide | 1.50±0.52a | 1.69±0.09ab | 22.50±1.94a | 20.61±9.61a | 93.33±47.43ab | 4.83±2.25a | 198.33±69.17ab | 8.41±0.18a |
参数 Statistic | 排序轴1 Axis 1 | 排序轴2 Axis 2 |
---|---|---|
特征值Eigenvalues | 0.910 | 0.019 |
植物群落累积解释量Plant communities cumulative explained variation (%) | 90.99 | 92.88 |
植物群落分布与环境因子相关性 Plant community distribution and environmental factors correlation | 0.9784 | 0.8511 |
植物群落分布与环境因子累积解释量Plant community distribution and environmental factors cumulative explained fitted variation (%) | 96.64 | 98.65 |
所有特征值All eigenvalue | 1.000 | |
标准特征值Standard eigenvalue | 0.941 | |
第一典范轴P值P-value of the first canonical axis | 0.002 | |
所有典范轴P值P-value of all canonical axis | 0.002 |
Table 4 RDA ranking of plant communities and environmental factors
参数 Statistic | 排序轴1 Axis 1 | 排序轴2 Axis 2 |
---|---|---|
特征值Eigenvalues | 0.910 | 0.019 |
植物群落累积解释量Plant communities cumulative explained variation (%) | 90.99 | 92.88 |
植物群落分布与环境因子相关性 Plant community distribution and environmental factors correlation | 0.9784 | 0.8511 |
植物群落分布与环境因子累积解释量Plant community distribution and environmental factors cumulative explained fitted variation (%) | 96.64 | 98.65 |
所有特征值All eigenvalue | 1.000 | |
标准特征值Standard eigenvalue | 0.941 | |
第一典范轴P值P-value of the first canonical axis | 0.002 | |
所有典范轴P值P-value of all canonical axis | 0.002 |
环境因子 Environmental factor | 解释率 Explains (%) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) | F | P | 环境因子 Environmental factor | 解释率 Explains (%) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
含水量Moisture content | 44.3 | 47.1 | 12.7 | 0.004 | 有机质Organic matter | 5.1 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 0.120 |
pH | 6.7 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 0.020 | 全钾Total potassium | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 0.170 |
全氮Total nitrogen | 9.5 | 10.1 | 4.5 | 0.044 | 海拔Elevation | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.230 |
全磷Total phosphorus | 9.4 | 10.0 | 3.5 | 0.094 | 速效钾Rapid available potassium | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.264 |
速效磷Rapid available phosphorus | 8.3 | 8.9 | 2.6 | 0.116 | 碱解氮Available nitrogen | 2.7 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 0.332 |
Table 5 Forward selection results of redundancy analysis between vegetation communities and environmental factors in the study area
环境因子 Environmental factor | 解释率 Explains (%) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) | F | P | 环境因子 Environmental factor | 解释率 Explains (%) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
含水量Moisture content | 44.3 | 47.1 | 12.7 | 0.004 | 有机质Organic matter | 5.1 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 0.120 |
pH | 6.7 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 0.020 | 全钾Total potassium | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 0.170 |
全氮Total nitrogen | 9.5 | 10.1 | 4.5 | 0.044 | 海拔Elevation | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.230 |
全磷Total phosphorus | 9.4 | 10.0 | 3.5 | 0.094 | 速效钾Rapid available potassium | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.264 |
速效磷Rapid available phosphorus | 8.3 | 8.9 | 2.6 | 0.116 | 碱解氮Available nitrogen | 2.7 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 0.332 |
植物生长位置 Plant growth position | 平均根径 Average root diameter (mm) | 平均单根抗拉力 Average tensile resistance of single root (N) | 平均单根抗拉强度 Average tensile strength of single root (MPa) | 样本数量 Samples number (No.) |
---|---|---|---|---|
滑坡前缘Front of landslide | 0.42±0.12a | 3.58±1.41c | 28.86±11.90c | 60 |
滑坡中部Middle of landslide | 0.46±0.10a | 7.51±1.78a | 49.78±12.58a | 60 |
滑坡后壁Rear edge of landslide | 0.44±0.11a | 4.62±1.36b | 34.00±13.56b | 60 |
Table 6 Single root tensile test results of P. crymophila at different locations in the study area
植物生长位置 Plant growth position | 平均根径 Average root diameter (mm) | 平均单根抗拉力 Average tensile resistance of single root (N) | 平均单根抗拉强度 Average tensile strength of single root (MPa) | 样本数量 Samples number (No.) |
---|---|---|---|---|
滑坡前缘Front of landslide | 0.42±0.12a | 3.58±1.41c | 28.86±11.90c | 60 |
滑坡中部Middle of landslide | 0.46±0.10a | 7.51±1.78a | 49.78±12.58a | 60 |
滑坡后壁Rear edge of landslide | 0.44±0.11a | 4.62±1.36b | 34.00±13.56b | 60 |
植物生长位置 Plant growth position | 单根抗拉力与根径拟合方程Fitting equation of single root tensile resistance and root diameter | 拟合优度 Goodness of fit (R2) | 显著性水平 Significance level | 单根抗拉强度与根径拟合方程Fitting equation of single root tensile strength and root diameter | 拟合优度 Goodness of fit (R2) | 显著性水平 Significance level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
滑坡前缘Front of landslide | y=0.9455e2.9971x | 0.7159 | 0.845** | y=11.206x-0.951 | 0.7031 | -0.861** |
滑坡中部Middle of landslide | y=2.7684e2.1251x | 0.7035 | 0.941** | y=20.273x-1.071 | 0.7036 | -0.941** |
滑坡后壁Rear edge of landslide | y=1.5432e2.414x | 0.7006 | 0.908** | y=12.682x-1.059 | 0.7014 | -0.868** |
Table 7 The fitting relationship between the single root tensile resistance, tensile strength and root diameter of P. crymophila at different locations
植物生长位置 Plant growth position | 单根抗拉力与根径拟合方程Fitting equation of single root tensile resistance and root diameter | 拟合优度 Goodness of fit (R2) | 显著性水平 Significance level | 单根抗拉强度与根径拟合方程Fitting equation of single root tensile strength and root diameter | 拟合优度 Goodness of fit (R2) | 显著性水平 Significance level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
滑坡前缘Front of landslide | y=0.9455e2.9971x | 0.7159 | 0.845** | y=11.206x-0.951 | 0.7031 | -0.861** |
滑坡中部Middle of landslide | y=2.7684e2.1251x | 0.7035 | 0.941** | y=20.273x-1.071 | 0.7036 | -0.941** |
滑坡后壁Rear edge of landslide | y=1.5432e2.414x | 0.7006 | 0.908** | y=12.682x-1.059 | 0.7014 | -0.868** |
Fig.12 Relationship between the single root tensile resistance, tensile strength and root diameter of three herbaceous plant in the middle of landslide
植物名称 Plant name | 平均根径 Average root diameter (mm) | 平均单根抗拉力 Average tensile resistance of single root (N) | 平均单根抗拉强度 Average tensile strength of single root (MPa) | 样本数量 Number of samples (No.) |
---|---|---|---|---|
异针茅S. aliena | 0.39±0.08c | 9.10±2.20a | 80.29±17.73a | 60 |
冷地早熟禾P. crymophila | 0.46±0.10b | 7.51±1.78b | 49.78±12.58b | 60 |
醉马草A. inebrians | 0.51±0.14a | 6.69±2.04c | 34.82±11.25c | 60 |
Table 8 Single root tensile test results of three herbaceous plant in the middle of landslide
植物名称 Plant name | 平均根径 Average root diameter (mm) | 平均单根抗拉力 Average tensile resistance of single root (N) | 平均单根抗拉强度 Average tensile strength of single root (MPa) | 样本数量 Number of samples (No.) |
---|---|---|---|---|
异针茅S. aliena | 0.39±0.08c | 9.10±2.20a | 80.29±17.73a | 60 |
冷地早熟禾P. crymophila | 0.46±0.10b | 7.51±1.78b | 49.78±12.58b | 60 |
醉马草A. inebrians | 0.51±0.14a | 6.69±2.04c | 34.82±11.25c | 60 |
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