Abstract: During 2004-2006, a field experiment in the Huichuan domestication and cultivation base of Notopterygium franchetii was conducted to study effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on yield of N. franchetii, extract content, and essential oil content. The yield of N. franchetii gradually increased with an increase of N or P fertilization. The extract content increased initially but then decreased as N fertilization increased while the opposite happened with an increase of P fertilization. Essential oil contents increased with an increase of N fertilization; initially, it gradually increased but then it decreased with a further increase of P fertilization. The highest yield was with a treatment of N 375 kg/hm² and P₂O₅ 600 kg/hm², an increase of 20.39% compared with the N₀P₀ treatment. The highest extract content was obtained with N 300 kg/hm² and P₂O₅ 0 kg/hm², and of essential oil with N 375 kg/hm² and P₂O₅ 450 kg/hm², increases of 12.32% and 22.73% respectively compared with the N₀P₀ treatment. GC-MS analysis of rhizomes and roots of N. incisum gave 89 peaks from which 80 compounds were identified, accounting for 95.74%-99.32% of total essential oils, most of which were terpenoids and their derivatives, mainly dutrex cluster, enols, ketones and esters. The peak of essential oil relative content was after 21-22 min, but the essential oil contents were different in all treatments. Some of the high content compounds in this plant have not previously been reported in the literature.