Abstract: Four different types of grasslands (alpine meadow, alpine shrub, swamp meadow, mountain steppe) on the eastern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed for variation of soil physicochemical characteristics (soil moisture, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen), soil enzyme activity (β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, urease) and the inter-relationship among them. Soil enzyme activities in the upper soil layer (0-15 cm) were higher than those in the lower layer (15-30 cm), and the trend was consistent with the four types of grasslands, which indicated that soil biochemical reactions in the upper soil layer were stronger than those in the lower layer. Activities in the four different types of grasslands were in the order: Soil β-glucosidase - swamp meadow＞alpine shrub＞alpine meadow＞mountain steppe; acid phosphatase activities - swamp meadow＞alpine meadow＞alpine shrub＞mountain steppe; urease activities in the upper soil layer - swamp meadow＞alpine shrub＞mountain steppe＞alpine meadow, and in the lower soil layer - mountain steppe＞swap meadow＞alpine shrub＞alpine meadow. Soil enzyme activities in swamp meadow were generally higher than in the other three types of grasslands, which indicated that higher primary production in swamp meadow provides more carbon and nitrogen sources for the growth of microorganisms. Correlation analysis indicated that soil urease activity had a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen; soil β-glucosidase activity and acid phosphatase activity had a significant positive correlation with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. They can therefore be used as indicators of soil fertility.