Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 86-97.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020570
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Jun REN1,2(), Yao SHI2, Fang LIU1(), Rong TIAN2, Xing LIU2
Received:
2020-12-16
Revised:
2021-01-19
Online:
2021-07-09
Published:
2021-07-09
Contact:
Fang LIU
Jun REN, Yao SHI, Fang LIU, Rong TIAN, Xing LIU. An assessment of heavy metal absorption patterns in herbaceous plants and pollution risks in manganese mining areas in Guizhou Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 86-97.
统计值 Statistics | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值Maximum value (mg·kg-1) | 182.03 | 129.87 | 111.60 | 231.62 | 1.84 | 63.08 | 108584.70 |
最小值Minimum value (mg·kg-1) | 39.21 | 7.11 | 9.37 | 50.34 | 0.23 | 17.64 | 9458.71 |
平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) | 81.84 | 23.66 | 24.73 | 100.34 | 0.50 | 26.28 | 31569.47 |
标准差Standard deviation (mg·kg-1) | 34.58 | 26.93 | 22.48 | 45.13 | 0.37 | 9.87 | 26421.48 |
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) | 42.25 | 113.82 | 90.90 | 44.98 | 74.00 | 37.56 | 83.69 |
贵州省土壤背景值Background value of Guizhou Province (mg·kg-1) | 86.60 | 33.70 | 25.70 | 82.40 | 0.13 | 29.30 | 591.00 |
GB 15618-2018 (6.5<pH≤7.5, mg·kg-1) | 200.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 250.00 | 0.30 | 120.00 | - |
Table 1 Contents of heavy metals in the manganese waste residue areas
统计值 Statistics | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值Maximum value (mg·kg-1) | 182.03 | 129.87 | 111.60 | 231.62 | 1.84 | 63.08 | 108584.70 |
最小值Minimum value (mg·kg-1) | 39.21 | 7.11 | 9.37 | 50.34 | 0.23 | 17.64 | 9458.71 |
平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) | 81.84 | 23.66 | 24.73 | 100.34 | 0.50 | 26.28 | 31569.47 |
标准差Standard deviation (mg·kg-1) | 34.58 | 26.93 | 22.48 | 45.13 | 0.37 | 9.87 | 26421.48 |
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) | 42.25 | 113.82 | 90.90 | 44.98 | 74.00 | 37.56 | 83.69 |
贵州省土壤背景值Background value of Guizhou Province (mg·kg-1) | 86.60 | 33.70 | 25.70 | 82.40 | 0.13 | 29.30 | 591.00 |
GB 15618-2018 (6.5<pH≤7.5, mg·kg-1) | 200.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 250.00 | 0.30 | 120.00 | - |
植物Plant | 科Family | 属Genus | 生活类型Biotype |
---|---|---|---|
商陆Phytolacca acinosa | 商陆科 Phytolaccaceae | 商陆属Phytolacca | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
博落回 Macleaya cordata | 罂粟科Papaveraceae | 博落回属Macleaya | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulifolia | 菊科Asteraceae | 蒿属Artemisia | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis | 菊科Asteraceae | 飞蓬属Erigeron | 一年生草本Annual herb |
琉璃草 Cynoglossum furcatum | 紫草科Boraginaceae | 琉璃草属Cynoglossum | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris | 唇形科 Lamiaceae | 夏枯草属Prunella | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
三脉紫菀 Aster trinervius | 菊科Asteraceae | 紫菀属Aster | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
鸭儿芹 Cryptotaenia japonica | 伞形科Umbelliferae | 鸭儿芹属Cryptotaenia | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
柠檬草 Cymbopogon citratus | 禾本科Gramineae | 香茅属Cymbopogon | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
还亮草 Delphinium anthriscifolium | 毛茛科Ranunculaceae | 翠雀属Delphinium | 一年生草本Annual herb |
繁缕 Stellaria media | 石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 繁缕属Stellaria | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
高羊茅 Festuca elata | 禾本科Gramineae | 羊茅属Festuca | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis | 禾本科Gramineae | 看麦娘属Alopecurus | 一年生草本Annual herb |
五节芒 M. floridulus | 禾本科Gramineae | 芒属Miscanthus | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
风毛菊 Saussurea japonica | 菊科Asteraceae | 风毛菊属 Saussurea | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
蒲儿根 Sinosenecio oldhamianus | 菊科Asteraceae | 蒲儿根属Sinosenecio | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
毛蕨 Cyclosorus interruptus | 金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae | 毛蕨属Cyclosorus | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris | 十字花科Cruciferae | 荠属Capsella | 一年生草本Annual herb |
Table 2 Composition of dominant plant species in manganese ore waste residue area
植物Plant | 科Family | 属Genus | 生活类型Biotype |
---|---|---|---|
商陆Phytolacca acinosa | 商陆科 Phytolaccaceae | 商陆属Phytolacca | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
博落回 Macleaya cordata | 罂粟科Papaveraceae | 博落回属Macleaya | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulifolia | 菊科Asteraceae | 蒿属Artemisia | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis | 菊科Asteraceae | 飞蓬属Erigeron | 一年生草本Annual herb |
琉璃草 Cynoglossum furcatum | 紫草科Boraginaceae | 琉璃草属Cynoglossum | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris | 唇形科 Lamiaceae | 夏枯草属Prunella | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
三脉紫菀 Aster trinervius | 菊科Asteraceae | 紫菀属Aster | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
鸭儿芹 Cryptotaenia japonica | 伞形科Umbelliferae | 鸭儿芹属Cryptotaenia | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
柠檬草 Cymbopogon citratus | 禾本科Gramineae | 香茅属Cymbopogon | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
还亮草 Delphinium anthriscifolium | 毛茛科Ranunculaceae | 翠雀属Delphinium | 一年生草本Annual herb |
繁缕 Stellaria media | 石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 繁缕属Stellaria | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
高羊茅 Festuca elata | 禾本科Gramineae | 羊茅属Festuca | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis | 禾本科Gramineae | 看麦娘属Alopecurus | 一年生草本Annual herb |
五节芒 M. floridulus | 禾本科Gramineae | 芒属Miscanthus | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
风毛菊 Saussurea japonica | 菊科Asteraceae | 风毛菊属 Saussurea | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
蒲儿根 Sinosenecio oldhamianus | 菊科Asteraceae | 蒲儿根属Sinosenecio | 二年生草本Biennial herb |
毛蕨 Cyclosorus interruptus | 金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae | 毛蕨属Cyclosorus | 多年生草本Perennial herb |
荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris | 十字花科Cruciferae | 荠属Capsella | 一年生草本Annual herb |
植物Plant | 部位Position | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
商陆 P. acinosa | 地上部 Aboveground | 53.90 | 36.82 | 13.20 | 59.00 | 1.44 | 2.48 | 168.60 |
地下部 Underground | 11.58 | 11.35 | 11.55 | 48.42 | 0.45 | 1.22 | 107.86 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 105.80 | 25.21 | 21.72 | 138.07 | 0.48 | 26.47 | 17893.95 | |
博落回 M. cordata | 地上部 Aboveground | 16.87 | 10.85 | 12.30 | 78.82 | 0.27 | 2.47 | 173.75 |
地下部 Underground | 45.13 | 22.82 | 10.15 | 60.50 | 1.28 | 2.69 | 327.57 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 101.61 | 37.93 | 31.84 | 165.23 | 0.38 | 37.78 | 13283.75 | |
野艾蒿 A. lavandulifolia | 地上部 Aboveground | 11.76 | 7.33 | 8.84 | 74.11 | 1.16 | 2.83 | 198.25 |
地下部 Underground | 21.33 | 12.50 | 9.75 | 49.51 | 2.24 | 6.07 | 507.06 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 103.17 | 18.32 | 16.66 | 98.33 | 0.36 | 21.36 | 9633.57 | |
小蓬草 E. canadensis | 地上部 Aboveground | 16.09 | 7.28 | 22.83 | 75.43 | 0.23 | 3.22 | 612.53 |
地下部 Underground | 28.90 | 13.40 | 67.23 | 69.12 | 4.13 | 4.16 | 622.99 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 75.18 | 24.23 | 20.80 | 127.92 | 0.52 | 26.50 | 20829.08 | |
琉璃草 C. furcatum | 地上部 Aboveground | 9.77 | 8.10 | 17.44 | 56.06 | 3.04 | 1.68 | 186.68 |
地下部 Underground | 28.58 | 10.98 | 18.85 | 45.66 | 0.19 | 2.83 | 407.44 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 115.26 | 19.38 | 17.65 | 103.39 | 0.38 | 23.56 | 9528.35 | |
夏枯草 P. vulgaris | 地上部 Aboveground | 57.45 | 32.63 | 20.45 | 115.13 | 0.33 | 3.83 | 1214.99 |
地下部 Underground | 18.98 | 10.02 | 20.02 | 98.60 | 2.30 | 8.96 | 1573.00 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 60.85 | 8.44 | 9.37 | 50.34 | 0.28 | 23.66 | 30653.88 | |
三脉紫菀 A. trinervius | 地上部 Aboveground | 55.88 | 21.24 | 21.25 | 57.98 | 0.25 | 2.55 | 649.17 |
地下部 Underground | 33.87 | 20.03 | 14.73 | 45.47 | 4.04 | 1.49 | 1067.34 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 64.28 | 23.33 | 32.99 | 128.67 | 0.44 | 27.75 | 87189.31 | |
鸭儿芹 C. japonica | 地上部 Aboveground | 13.37 | 7.54 | 11.15 | 55.04 | 0.16 | 3.06 | 407.92 |
地下部 Underground | 29.81 | 13.94 | 5.59 | 42.59 | 3.50 | 2.94 | 1010.20 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 67.79 | 13.99 | 16.89 | 81.11 | 0.35 | 21.71 | 58705.67 | |
柠檬草 C. citratus | 地上部 Aboveground | 5.56 | 6.57 | 11.25 | 43.36 | 1.98 | 1.58 | 325.24 |
地下部 Underground | 21.02 | 14.21 | 57.73 | 53.26 | 2.18 | 3.96 | 897.36 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 63.85 | 7.11 | 10.99 | 52.19 | 0.23 | 25.92 | 29630.40 | |
还亮草 D. anthriscifolium | 地上部 Aboveground | 38.47 | 13.80 | 6.37 | 54.03 | 0.43 | 1.63 | 70.34 |
地下部 Underground | 10.02 | 8.38 | 6.90 | 144.32 | 3.56 | 3.44 | 437.92 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 133.57 | 20.55 | 18.60 | 100.18 | 0.39 | 22.20 | 9458.71 | |
繁缕 S. media | 地上部 Aboveground | 56.15 | 20.80 | 17.53 | 151.31 | 0.11 | 2.92 | 2576.03 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 182.03 | 21.40 | 40.27 | 67.53 | 0.31 | 63.08 | 9683.26 | |
高羊茅 F. elata | 地上部 Aboveground | 6.56 | 7.58 | 9.83 | 49.34 | 0.29 | 3.65 | 393.86 |
地下部 Underground | 32.21 | 12.65 | 12.33 | 68.21 | 2.50 | 102.23 | 2048.76 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 73.35 | 19.83 | 17.43 | 75.46 | 0.34 | 21.89 | 18611.12 | |
看麦娘 A. aequalis | 地上部 Aboveground | 5.76 | 5.09 | 1.09 | 44.89 | 5.14 | 0.58 | 508.93 |
地下部 Underground | 5.64 | 5.07 | 1.09 | 44.67 | 5.13 | 0.59 | 136.84 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 63.85 | 7.11 | 10.99 | 52.19 | 0.23 | 25.92 | 29630.40 | |
五节芒 M. floridulus | 地上部 Aboveground | 18.35 | 7.28 | 5.62 | 40.24 | 1.32 | 4.86 | 490.89 |
地下部 Underground | 4.08 | 3.31 | 8.10 | 33.18 | 1.50 | 1.74 | 2614.13 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 60.33 | 7.33 | 11.56 | 50.39 | 0.32 | 24.56 | 27830.28 | |
风毛菊 S. japonica | 地上部 Aboveground | 14.78 | 7.59 | 16.35 | 157.73 | 0.24 | 2.76 | 580.44 |
地下部 Underground | 5.27 | 5.38 | 33.32 | 51.11 | 0.66 | 2.47 | 147.20 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 39.21 | 129.87 | 111.60 | 231.62 | 1.84 | 17.64 | 25098.09 | |
蒲儿根 S. oldhamianus | 地上部 Aboveground | 63.67 | 20.49 | 19.72 | 68.50 | 0.25 | 2.47 | 2747.48 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 57.78 | 20.56 | 18.22 | 77.73 | 0.42 | 23.19 | 108584.74 | |
毛蕨 C. interruptus | 地上部 Aboveground | 7.16 | 4.89 | 10.45 | 52.15 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 365.03 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 52.60 | 10.65 | 18.82 | 102.90 | 0.91 | 19.92 | 31002.97 | |
荠 C. bursa-pastoris | 地上部 Aboveground | 9.53 | 6.88 | 4.20 | 54.18 | 2.77 | 23.08 | 292.55 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 52.60 | 10.65 | 18.82 | 102.90 | 0.91 | 19.92 | 31002.97 |
Table 3 Content of heavy metals in herbaceous plants and their growing matrix (mg·kg-1)
植物Plant | 部位Position | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
商陆 P. acinosa | 地上部 Aboveground | 53.90 | 36.82 | 13.20 | 59.00 | 1.44 | 2.48 | 168.60 |
地下部 Underground | 11.58 | 11.35 | 11.55 | 48.42 | 0.45 | 1.22 | 107.86 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 105.80 | 25.21 | 21.72 | 138.07 | 0.48 | 26.47 | 17893.95 | |
博落回 M. cordata | 地上部 Aboveground | 16.87 | 10.85 | 12.30 | 78.82 | 0.27 | 2.47 | 173.75 |
地下部 Underground | 45.13 | 22.82 | 10.15 | 60.50 | 1.28 | 2.69 | 327.57 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 101.61 | 37.93 | 31.84 | 165.23 | 0.38 | 37.78 | 13283.75 | |
野艾蒿 A. lavandulifolia | 地上部 Aboveground | 11.76 | 7.33 | 8.84 | 74.11 | 1.16 | 2.83 | 198.25 |
地下部 Underground | 21.33 | 12.50 | 9.75 | 49.51 | 2.24 | 6.07 | 507.06 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 103.17 | 18.32 | 16.66 | 98.33 | 0.36 | 21.36 | 9633.57 | |
小蓬草 E. canadensis | 地上部 Aboveground | 16.09 | 7.28 | 22.83 | 75.43 | 0.23 | 3.22 | 612.53 |
地下部 Underground | 28.90 | 13.40 | 67.23 | 69.12 | 4.13 | 4.16 | 622.99 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 75.18 | 24.23 | 20.80 | 127.92 | 0.52 | 26.50 | 20829.08 | |
琉璃草 C. furcatum | 地上部 Aboveground | 9.77 | 8.10 | 17.44 | 56.06 | 3.04 | 1.68 | 186.68 |
地下部 Underground | 28.58 | 10.98 | 18.85 | 45.66 | 0.19 | 2.83 | 407.44 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 115.26 | 19.38 | 17.65 | 103.39 | 0.38 | 23.56 | 9528.35 | |
夏枯草 P. vulgaris | 地上部 Aboveground | 57.45 | 32.63 | 20.45 | 115.13 | 0.33 | 3.83 | 1214.99 |
地下部 Underground | 18.98 | 10.02 | 20.02 | 98.60 | 2.30 | 8.96 | 1573.00 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 60.85 | 8.44 | 9.37 | 50.34 | 0.28 | 23.66 | 30653.88 | |
三脉紫菀 A. trinervius | 地上部 Aboveground | 55.88 | 21.24 | 21.25 | 57.98 | 0.25 | 2.55 | 649.17 |
地下部 Underground | 33.87 | 20.03 | 14.73 | 45.47 | 4.04 | 1.49 | 1067.34 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 64.28 | 23.33 | 32.99 | 128.67 | 0.44 | 27.75 | 87189.31 | |
鸭儿芹 C. japonica | 地上部 Aboveground | 13.37 | 7.54 | 11.15 | 55.04 | 0.16 | 3.06 | 407.92 |
地下部 Underground | 29.81 | 13.94 | 5.59 | 42.59 | 3.50 | 2.94 | 1010.20 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 67.79 | 13.99 | 16.89 | 81.11 | 0.35 | 21.71 | 58705.67 | |
柠檬草 C. citratus | 地上部 Aboveground | 5.56 | 6.57 | 11.25 | 43.36 | 1.98 | 1.58 | 325.24 |
地下部 Underground | 21.02 | 14.21 | 57.73 | 53.26 | 2.18 | 3.96 | 897.36 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 63.85 | 7.11 | 10.99 | 52.19 | 0.23 | 25.92 | 29630.40 | |
还亮草 D. anthriscifolium | 地上部 Aboveground | 38.47 | 13.80 | 6.37 | 54.03 | 0.43 | 1.63 | 70.34 |
地下部 Underground | 10.02 | 8.38 | 6.90 | 144.32 | 3.56 | 3.44 | 437.92 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 133.57 | 20.55 | 18.60 | 100.18 | 0.39 | 22.20 | 9458.71 | |
繁缕 S. media | 地上部 Aboveground | 56.15 | 20.80 | 17.53 | 151.31 | 0.11 | 2.92 | 2576.03 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 182.03 | 21.40 | 40.27 | 67.53 | 0.31 | 63.08 | 9683.26 | |
高羊茅 F. elata | 地上部 Aboveground | 6.56 | 7.58 | 9.83 | 49.34 | 0.29 | 3.65 | 393.86 |
地下部 Underground | 32.21 | 12.65 | 12.33 | 68.21 | 2.50 | 102.23 | 2048.76 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 73.35 | 19.83 | 17.43 | 75.46 | 0.34 | 21.89 | 18611.12 | |
看麦娘 A. aequalis | 地上部 Aboveground | 5.76 | 5.09 | 1.09 | 44.89 | 5.14 | 0.58 | 508.93 |
地下部 Underground | 5.64 | 5.07 | 1.09 | 44.67 | 5.13 | 0.59 | 136.84 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 63.85 | 7.11 | 10.99 | 52.19 | 0.23 | 25.92 | 29630.40 | |
五节芒 M. floridulus | 地上部 Aboveground | 18.35 | 7.28 | 5.62 | 40.24 | 1.32 | 4.86 | 490.89 |
地下部 Underground | 4.08 | 3.31 | 8.10 | 33.18 | 1.50 | 1.74 | 2614.13 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 60.33 | 7.33 | 11.56 | 50.39 | 0.32 | 24.56 | 27830.28 | |
风毛菊 S. japonica | 地上部 Aboveground | 14.78 | 7.59 | 16.35 | 157.73 | 0.24 | 2.76 | 580.44 |
地下部 Underground | 5.27 | 5.38 | 33.32 | 51.11 | 0.66 | 2.47 | 147.20 | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 39.21 | 129.87 | 111.60 | 231.62 | 1.84 | 17.64 | 25098.09 | |
蒲儿根 S. oldhamianus | 地上部 Aboveground | 63.67 | 20.49 | 19.72 | 68.50 | 0.25 | 2.47 | 2747.48 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 57.78 | 20.56 | 18.22 | 77.73 | 0.42 | 23.19 | 108584.74 | |
毛蕨 C. interruptus | 地上部 Aboveground | 7.16 | 4.89 | 10.45 | 52.15 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 365.03 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 52.60 | 10.65 | 18.82 | 102.90 | 0.91 | 19.92 | 31002.97 | |
荠 C. bursa-pastoris | 地上部 Aboveground | 9.53 | 6.88 | 4.20 | 54.18 | 2.77 | 23.08 | 292.55 |
地下部 Underground | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
生长基质 Growth matrix | 52.60 | 10.65 | 18.82 | 102.90 | 0.91 | 19.92 | 31002.97 |
元素 Element | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ni | -0.154 | |||||
Cu | -0.082 | 0.969** | ||||
Zn | -0.092 | 0.844** | 0.797** | |||
Cd | -0.392 | 0.825** | 0.833** | 0.755** | ||
Pb | 0.734** | -0.098 | 0.059 | -0.131 | -0.318 | |
Mn | -0.473* | -0.075 | -0.048 | -0.098 | -0.023 | -0.194 |
Table 4 Correlation analysis of 7 heavy metal elements in herbaceous growth matrix
元素 Element | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ni | -0.154 | |||||
Cu | -0.082 | 0.969** | ||||
Zn | -0.092 | 0.844** | 0.797** | |||
Cd | -0.392 | 0.825** | 0.833** | 0.755** | ||
Pb | 0.734** | -0.098 | 0.059 | -0.131 | -0.318 | |
Mn | -0.473* | -0.075 | -0.048 | -0.098 | -0.023 | -0.194 |
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