In vivo degradation characteristics of dry matter and crude protein of four morphological fractions for five varieties maize harvested at two maturity stages

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021402

Abstract

Abstract:

Maize stalk is an important source of roughage for ruminants， and its nutritional degradation characteristics are affected by variety and maturity of the maize， and also related to the composition of the component morphological parts of the maize stalk. This experiment provides data support for the utilization of maize stalk in ruminant livestock by analyzing the rumen degradation characteristics of dry matter （DM） and crude protein （CP） of different morphological parts of maize stalk at two maturity stages. Five varieties of maize： Kexiangyu No.11 （conventional maize）， Gaoyou 115 （high oil maize）， Kexiangnuoyu No.1 （waxy maize）， Huqing No.1 （forage maize） and Kexiang Tianyu No.1 （sweet maize） were selected in this experiment. Samples of the four morphological parts of leaf blade， leaf sheath， stem and husk were collected on day 17 day （milk maturity stage） and day 31 （wax maturity stage） after tasselling， and an in situ degradation technique was used to analyse the kinetic parameters of DM and CP rumen degradation in all samples. It was found that the rapidly degrading fraction （a values） of DM of leaf blades， leaf sheaths， and stems， and the a values of CP of leaf blades and husks at the wax maturity stage were higher （P<0.001） than corresponding values at the milk stage， while the slowly degrading fraction （b values） of DM of leaf blades， leaf sheaths， and stems， b values of CP of leaf blades， leaf sheaths and husks， and the effective degradability （ED） values of the husk DM at the wax maturity stage were significantly lower （P<0.001） than those of the milk stage. The a， b and ED values of the DM and CP of the different morphological parts of the new maize cultivars were similar to or higher than those of the conventional maize. Differences in DM and CP degradation kinetic parameters were also observed among different morphological components. The ED values decreased in the order of stem>husk>leaf sheath>leaf blade. In conclusion， extending the maturity period mainly affects the a and b values of DM and CP of maize stalk. Among different varieties， the ED of DM and CP was higher in high-oil and waxy maize.

Key words: maize variety, maturity stage, morphological fraction, maize stalk, degradation characteristic

Dong-sheng GUO, Shao-xun TANG. In vivo degradation characteristics of dry matter and crude protein of four morphological fractions for five varieties maize harvested at two maturity stages[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(10): 178-188.

Figures/Tables 8

References 25

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品种 Variety	形态学部位 Morphological fraction	成熟期 Maturity stage	化学成分Chemical composition （g·kg^-1 DM）
品种 Variety	形态学部位 Morphological fraction	成熟期 Maturity stage	OM	CP	P	NDF	ADF
普通玉米 Common corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	880	178	2.66	563	338
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	867	156	2.85	552	355
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	896	58	1.44	637	397
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	902	50	1.36	631	377
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	947	61	1.82	559	370
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	938	53	1.35	539	365
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	958	56	2.28	630	316
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	964	50	1.99	662	345
青贮玉米 Silage corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	866	190	2.77	559	350
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	879	165	2.50	559	351
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	890	75	2.04	638	412
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	907	57	2.07	576	355
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	936	78	1.90	595	431
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	954	70	1.60	539	354
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	967	58	2.43	588	303
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	969	53	2.66	615	297
高油玉米 High oil corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	891	192	2.97	521	303
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	884	166	2.73	524	332
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	903	66	1.65	594	368
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	904	47	1.16	601	355
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	945	61	1.85	581	382
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	957	49	1.29	562	380
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	965	59	2.53	607	311
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	958	47	1.80	663	353
甜玉米 Sweet corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	867	185	2.73	534	318
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	859	165	2.17	551	340
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	888	63	1.65	608	363
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	896	59	1.40	651	379
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	944	78	1.94	564	371
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	948	73	1.55	553	372
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	962	66	2.52	560	291
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	961	56	2.21	645	332
糯玉米 Waxy corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	876	187	2.87	546	314
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	857	160	2.57	554	339
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	904	67	1.18	618	368
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	904	55	1.15	635	356
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	950	77	1.34	564	360
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	959	62	1.21	523	331
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	963	64	2.12	599	289
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	961	50	1.50	682	322

品种 Variety	形态学部位 Morphological fraction	成熟期 Maturity stage	化学成分Chemical composition （g·kg^-1 DM）
品种 Variety	形态学部位 Morphological fraction	成熟期 Maturity stage	OM	CP	P	NDF	ADF
普通玉米 Common corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	880	178	2.66	563	338
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	867	156	2.85	552	355
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	896	58	1.44	637	397
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	902	50	1.36	631	377
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	947	61	1.82	559	370
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	938	53	1.35	539	365
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	958	56	2.28	630	316
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	964	50	1.99	662	345
青贮玉米 Silage corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	866	190	2.77	559	350
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	879	165	2.50	559	351
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	890	75	2.04	638	412
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	907	57	2.07	576	355
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	936	78	1.90	595	431
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	954	70	1.60	539	354
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	967	58	2.43	588	303
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	969	53	2.66	615	297
高油玉米 High oil corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	891	192	2.97	521	303
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	884	166	2.73	524	332
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	903	66	1.65	594	368
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	904	47	1.16	601	355
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	945	61	1.85	581	382
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	957	49	1.29	562	380
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	965	59	2.53	607	311
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	958	47	1.80	663	353
甜玉米 Sweet corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	867	185	2.73	534	318
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	859	165	2.17	551	340
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	888	63	1.65	608	363
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	896	59	1.40	651	379
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	944	78	1.94	564	371
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	948	73	1.55	553	372
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	962	66	2.52	560	291
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	961	56	2.21	645	332
糯玉米 Waxy corn	叶片Leaf blade	乳熟期Milk stage	876	187	2.87	546	314
	叶片Leaf blade	蜡熟期Dough stage	857	160	2.57	554	339
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	乳熟期Milk stage	904	67	1.18	618	368
	叶鞘Leaf sheath	蜡熟期Dough stage	904	55	1.15	635	356
	茎秆Stem	乳熟期Milk stage	950	77	1.34	564	360
	茎秆Stem	蜡熟期Dough stage	959	62	1.21	523	331
	苞叶Husk	乳熟期Milk stage	963	64	2.12	599	289
	苞叶Husk	蜡熟期Dough stage	961	50	1.50	682	322

成熟期 Mature stage	品种 Variety	叶片Leaf blade				叶鞘 Leaf sheath
成熟期 Mature stage	品种 Variety	a_DM （%）	b_DM （%）	c_DM （%·h^-1）	ED_DM （%）	a_DM （%）	b_DM （%）	c_DM （%·h^-1）	ED_DM （%）
乳熟期 Milk stage	糯玉米Waxy corn	28.0	49.1	0.0189	52.1	32.6	43.2	0.0193	53.1
	普通玉米Common corn	25.8	49.7	0.0150	47.2	31.7	37.1	0.0178	49.5
	青贮玉米Silage corn	27.2	42.4	0.0214	49.4	32.0	34.8	0.0210	49.0
	甜玉米Sweet corn	27.0	43.4	0.0174	47.4	36.4	33.6	0.0233	54.4
	高油玉米High oil corn	31.0	47.0	0.0215	55.5	35.2	31.4	0.0242	51.8
蜡熟期 Dough stage	糯玉米Waxy corn	31.4	37.7	0.0174	48.6	36.1	24.2	0.0185	46.4
	普通玉米Common corn	29.9	48.2	0.0170	52.2	34.0	35.3	0.0181	50.5
	青贮玉米Silage corn	29.9	30.9	0.0230	46.7	38.4	21.7	0.0253	51.0
	甜玉米Sweet corn	29.9	35.2	0.0176	46.5	34.4	34.4	0.0199	52.0
	高油玉米High oil corn	31.4	39.3	0.0246	51.1	36.1	25.6	0.0272	50.6
	SEM	0.94	2.65	0.0019	1.16	0.82	2.93	0.0023	1.73
P值 P value	M	***	***	NS	NS	***	***	NS	NS
	V	**	***	***	***	**	*	**	NS
	M×V	NS	NS	NS	**	***	**	NS	NS

成熟期 Mature stage	品种 Variety	叶片Leaf blade				叶鞘 Leaf sheath
成熟期 Mature stage	品种 Variety	a_DM （%）	b_DM （%）	c_DM （%·h^-1）	ED_DM （%）	a_DM （%）	b_DM （%）	c_DM （%·h^-1）	ED_DM （%）
乳熟期 Milk stage	糯玉米Waxy corn	28.0	49.1	0.0189	52.1	32.6	43.2	0.0193	53.1
	普通玉米Common corn	25.8	49.7	0.0150	47.2	31.7	37.1	0.0178	49.5
	青贮玉米Silage corn	27.2	42.4	0.0214	49.4	32.0	34.8	0.0210	49.0
	甜玉米Sweet corn	27.0	43.4	0.0174	47.4	36.4	33.6	0.0233	54.4
	高油玉米High oil corn	31.0	47.0	0.0215	55.5	35.2	31.4	0.0242	51.8
蜡熟期 Dough stage	糯玉米Waxy corn	31.4	37.7	0.0174	48.6	36.1	24.2	0.0185	46.4
	普通玉米Common corn	29.9	48.2	0.0170	52.2	34.0	35.3	0.0181	50.5
	青贮玉米Silage corn	29.9	30.9	0.0230	46.7	38.4	21.7	0.0253	51.0
	甜玉米Sweet corn	29.9	35.2	0.0176	46.5	34.4	34.4	0.0199	52.0
	高油玉米High oil corn	31.4	39.3	0.0246	51.1	36.1	25.6	0.0272	50.6
	SEM	0.94	2.65	0.0019	1.16	0.82	2.93	0.0023	1.73
P值 P value	M	***	***	NS	NS	***	***	NS	NS
	V	**	***	***	***	**	*	**	NS
	M×V	NS	NS	NS	**	***	**	NS	NS

成熟期 Mature stage	品种 Variety	茎秆 Stem				苞叶 Husk
成熟期 Mature stage	品种 Variety	a_DM （%）	b_DM （%）	c_DM （%·h^-1）	ED_DM （%）	a_DM （%）	b_DM （%）	c_DM （%·h^-1）	ED_DM （%）
乳熟期 Milk stage	糯玉米Waxy corn	43.6	36.1	0.0138	58.2	36.0	41.5	0.0134	52.2
	普通玉米Common corn	44.5	31.0	0.0158	56.8	32.5	36.4	0.0209	51.0
	青贮玉米Silage corn	37.0	28.0	0.0169	49.4	41.0	34.9	0.0236	60.3
	甜玉米Sweet corn	44.2	30.9	0.0147	55.8	42.4	33.7	0.0229	59.5
	高油玉米High oil corn	40.2	22.3	0.0276	52.9	40.3	32.9	0.0196	56.7
蜡熟期 Dough stage	糯玉米Waxy corn	46.4	28.5	0.0144	58.0	29.6	32.5	0.0203	45.7
	普通玉米Common corn	45.0	16.1	0.0230	53.7	32.4	33.8	0.0189	48.4
	青贮玉米Silage corn	47.6	25.4	0.0316	59.4	37.6	32.8	0.0313	54.8
	甜玉米Sweet corn	40.3	29.9	0.0162	53.0	34.0	28.8	0.0162	47.1
	高油玉米High oil corn	44.6	19.7	0.0164	53.5	32.8	33.1	0.0191	48.6
	SEM	0.82	2.82	0.0045	1.04	1.16	3.19	0.0027	2.43
P值 P value	M	***	***	NS	NS	***	NS	NS	***
	V	***	***	NS	***	***	NS	**	**
	M×V	***	NS	NS	***	**	NS	*	NS