Microhabitat plant diversity and biomass differences in abandoned karst farmland and their driving factors

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023133

Abstract

Abstract:

An in-depth investigation of changes in species diversity and biomass in different ecological niches of typical abandoned arable land in karst areas of Chongqing was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for community restoration in the early vegetation succession following farmland abandonment. The former farmland under study had been abandoned for four to six years. The vegetation biomass and species diversity together with changes in soil physicochemical properties， and their relationships were studied in four microhabitats： homogeneous shallow soil， homogeneous deep soil， heterogeneous trapezoid and heterogeneous funnel. It was found that： 1） Soil water content increased with soil depth， but total nitrogen and carbon nitrogen ratio decreased with soil depth. In the two heterogeneous habitats， the coefficients of variation for soil depth and soil water content differed little and indicated high intensity of variation. 2） The richness index， Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were not significantly different among the different microhabitats. 3） There were no significant differences between the aboveground biomass of the four microhabitats， while the below-ground biomass and total biomass of heterogeneous habitats were higher than those of homogeneous habitats. 4） There was a significant negative correlation （P<0.05） between the biomass and species diversity data for microhabitats with heterogeneous funnel. However， there was no significant relationship in other habitats. Resource heterogeneity had a positive effect on community biomass in the early succession stages after abandonment of karst farmland， but biodiversity was not greatly affected by habitat at this stage. Medium-thickness soil was found to promote plant growth and maintain productivity， while high-thickness soils counterintuitively had lower productivity due to lower nutrient content and poor permeability. Therefore， in the early stages of vegetation restoration， the characteristics of each habitat type should be fully understood in order to manage the recovery to maintain the diversity and growth of the vegetation.

Key words: rocky desertification, habitat heterogeneity, resource availability, biodiversity

Ying LEI, Jie LUO, Xu-man GUO, Er-ting BI, Jin-chun LIU. Microhabitat plant diversity and biomass differences in abandoned karst farmland and their driving factors[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(2): 28-38.

Figures/Tables 9

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土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical properties	小生境类型 Niche type	平均值 Average	变异系数 CV
土壤深度 Soil depth （cm）	均质浅土HoS	5.00±0.00b	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	18.18±3.20ab	0.79
	异质梯型HeT	25.80±2.67a	0.55
	均质深土HoD	30.00±0.00a	-
土壤含水量 Soil water content （%）	均质浅土HoS	9.89±1.84b	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	17.69±1.26a	0.38
	异质梯型HeT	18.54±1.44a	0.42
	均质深土HoD	19.80±0.78a	-
土壤C含量 Total carbon content （mg·g^-1）	均质浅土HoS	37.68±10.16a	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	17.33±0.94a	0.20
	异质梯型HeT	15.11±0.55ab	0.13
	均质深土HoD	13.79±0.43b	-
土壤N含量 Total nitrogen content （mg·g^-1）	均质浅土HoS	3.91±0.93a	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	2.26±0.07a	0.12
	异质梯型HeT	2.04±0.05ab	0.09
	均质深土HoD	1.90±0.03b	-
碳氮比 Carbon nitrogen ratio	均质浅土HoS	9.57±0.59a	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	8.14±0.40b	0.30
	异质梯型HeT	7.54±0.23bc	0.26
	均质深土HoD	7.29±0.18c	-

土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical properties	小生境类型 Niche type	平均值 Average	变异系数 CV
土壤深度 Soil depth （cm）	均质浅土HoS	5.00±0.00b	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	18.18±3.20ab	0.79
	异质梯型HeT	25.80±2.67a	0.55
	均质深土HoD	30.00±0.00a	-
土壤含水量 Soil water content （%）	均质浅土HoS	9.89±1.84b	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	17.69±1.26a	0.38
	异质梯型HeT	18.54±1.44a	0.42
	均质深土HoD	19.80±0.78a	-
土壤C含量 Total carbon content （mg·g^-1）	均质浅土HoS	37.68±10.16a	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	17.33±0.94a	0.20
	异质梯型HeT	15.11±0.55ab	0.13
	均质深土HoD	13.79±0.43b	-
土壤N含量 Total nitrogen content （mg·g^-1）	均质浅土HoS	3.91±0.93a	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	2.26±0.07a	0.12
	异质梯型HeT	2.04±0.05ab	0.09
	均质深土HoD	1.90±0.03b	-
碳氮比 Carbon nitrogen ratio	均质浅土HoS	9.57±0.59a	-
	异质漏斗型HeF	8.14±0.40b	0.30
	异质梯型HeT	7.54±0.23bc	0.26
	均质深土HoD	7.29±0.18c	-

土壤小生境Soil niche	物种Species	科Family	重要值Important value
均质浅土 HoS	千里光S. scandens	菊科Asteraceae	0.52
	乌蔹莓C. japonica	葡萄科Vitaceae	0.40
	黄花蒿A. annua	菊科Asteraceae	0.36
	覆盆子Rubus idaeus	蔷薇科Rosaceae	0.33
	土人参Talinum paniculatum	马齿苋科Portulacaceae	0.26
异质漏斗型 HeF	小蓬草C. canadensis	菊科Asteraceae	0.32
	白茅I. cylindrica	禾本科Gramineae	0.29
	鸭跖草C. communis	鸭跖草科Commelinaceae	0.28
	酢浆草O. corniculata	酢浆草科Oxalidaceae	0.22
	乌蔹莓C. japonica	葡萄科Vitaceae	0.16
异质梯型 HeT	小蓬草C. canadensis	菊科Asteraceae	0.46
	垂盆草S. sarmentosum	景天科Crassulaceae	0.24
	狗尾草S. viridis	禾本科Gramineae	0.23
	升马唐D. ciliaris	禾本科Gramineae	0.21
	艾Artemisia argyi	菊科Asteraceae	0.20
均质深土 HoD	小蓬草C. canadensis	菊科Asteraceae	0.40
	升马唐D. ciliaris	禾本科Gramineae	0.36
	酢浆草O. corniculata	酢浆草科Oxalidaceae	0.24
	垂盆草S. sarmentosum	景天科Crassulaceae	0.14
	金色狗尾草Setaria pumila	禾本科Gramineae	0.12

土壤小生境Soil niche	物种Species	科Family	重要值Important value
均质浅土 HoS	千里光S. scandens	菊科Asteraceae	0.52
	乌蔹莓C. japonica	葡萄科Vitaceae	0.40
	黄花蒿A. annua	菊科Asteraceae	0.36
	覆盆子Rubus idaeus	蔷薇科Rosaceae	0.33
	土人参Talinum paniculatum	马齿苋科Portulacaceae	0.26
异质漏斗型 HeF	小蓬草C. canadensis	菊科Asteraceae	0.32
	白茅I. cylindrica	禾本科Gramineae	0.29
	鸭跖草C. communis	鸭跖草科Commelinaceae	0.28
	酢浆草O. corniculata	酢浆草科Oxalidaceae	0.22
	乌蔹莓C. japonica	葡萄科Vitaceae	0.16
异质梯型 HeT	小蓬草C. canadensis	菊科Asteraceae	0.46
	垂盆草S. sarmentosum	景天科Crassulaceae	0.24
	狗尾草S. viridis	禾本科Gramineae	0.23
	升马唐D. ciliaris	禾本科Gramineae	0.21
	艾Artemisia argyi	菊科Asteraceae	0.20
均质深土 HoD	小蓬草C. canadensis	菊科Asteraceae	0.40
	升马唐D. ciliaris	禾本科Gramineae	0.36
	酢浆草O. corniculata	酢浆草科Oxalidaceae	0.24
	垂盆草S. sarmentosum	景天科Crassulaceae	0.14
	金色狗尾草Setaria pumila	禾本科Gramineae	0.12

小生境类型 Soil niche type	丰富度指数 Richness index	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	均匀度指数 Pielou index
均质浅土HoS	5.20±0.49a	1.83±0.22a	1.12±0.14a
异质漏斗型HeF	6.50±0.68a	1.96±0.16a	1.08±0.06a
异质梯型HeT	7.15±0.60a	1.99±0.18a	1.02±0.06a
均质深土HoD	6.86±0.47a	1.98±0.11a	1.08±0.04a