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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 120-130.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025082

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Comparison of skull characteristics between Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus in the southern desert of the Junggar Basin

You-ping AN1(), Rong ZHANG2, Jiu-qi ZHAO1, Die CHEN1, Su-wen YANG1(), Xiao-hui WANG1, SUBINUER·jiapaer1, Da-wei WANG3   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Industry,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Ministry of Education of Western Dry Desert Region,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.College of Grassland Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Biology,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
  • Received:2025-03-11 Revised:2025-06-05 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2025-12-24
  • Contact: Su-wen YANG

Abstract:

To investigate the differences in skull morphological characteristics and their relationship with body weight between the sympatric desert rodents Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, and to explore whether they exhibit convergent adaptations to the hyperarid and high-temperature desert environment, this study conducted a rodent community survey using the snap-trapping method in the desert region of the southern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Thirteen skull morphological indices, including total skull length, basal length, median palatal length, zygomatic width, and least breadth between the orbits, were measured from captured specimens. The interspecific differences in skull traits and their correlations with body weight were analyzed. Results indicated that: 1) Except for greatest length of the nasals (P=0.276), all 12 other skull indices exhibited highly significant interspecific differences (P<0.01); 2) Among the 13 skull indices, only the length of the down tooth row of M. libycus showed a significant intraspecific sexual dimorphism (P<0.05), while other indices displayed no significant sex-based differences (P>0.05); 3) Skull morphology trends relative to body weight revealed an extremely significantly positive correlation between profile length and body weight in R. opimusR2=0.4808, P<0.01). For M. libycus, basal length (R2=0.3214), zygomatic breadth (R2=0.6020), and lower jaw length (R2=0.5656) exhibited extremely significant positive correlations with body weight (P<0.01). In conclusion, R. opimus and M. libycus display distinct interspecific differences in multiple skull traits. Notably, profile length in R. opimus, and basal length, zygomatic breadth, and total length in M. libycus showed continued growth into adulthood, while other traits lacked clear patterns. These findings supplement taxonomic and morphological data for both species and provide a reference for species identification and evolutionary studies.

Key words: skull morphology, Rhombomys opimus, Meriones libycus, closely related species, analysis of covariance