Abstract: The soil enzymes and soil fertilities in alpine meadow under different carrying capacitty in Subei county of Gansu province were analyzed. The soil bulk density increased while the water, pH and organic matter declined with the increasing of carrying capacity, the soil was weak alkaline in grazing area; The content of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of soil in 0-20 cm depth get to the maximum in HC(P<0.01), while the content of total nitrogen and available potassium lie in minimum in MC; The same as four indexes above, the urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase activity of soil in 0-20 cm depth increased with the increasing of carrying capacity; Correlation analysis showed they were in significantly positive correlation between the catalase, alkaline phosphatase activity, the three enzymes and the main soil fertilities, which showed the soil enzymes can be used to characterize the soil fertility status; Principal component analysis can get the same result: They have the good correlation between soil alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities and soil fertilities which can be used to indicate the status of grassland degradation and recovery.