Variation of phenology and bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata along altitudinal gradients

Abstract

Abstract: To provide theoretical support for artificial cultivation of Fritillaria unibracteata, and to lay a foundation for protection of its wild resource, the effects of altitudinal height on phenology and bulbs of the species were studied. In this study, three locations (low, medium and high) were established along altitudinal gradients on a mountain slope of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and a transplant experiment was carried out. In this experiment, 30 turfs in which individuals of F. unibracteata grew were transplanted between the high and the low location. Ecological factors at each location, such as snowmelt timing, soil water content, air temperature and soil pH were tested. In addition, phenological phases including plant emergence, first flowering, peak flowering and consenescence were observed at three day intervals, and bulbs at each location were weighed in September,2009. The results showed that phenological phases and most ecological factors given above were significantly different between locations. Snowmelt timing at the low location was nearly a month earlier than that at the high location and soil water content at the low location was 30.3% lower than that at the high one. Air temperature was 2.7℃ (March), 3.0℃ (April) and 5.3℃ (May) higher at the low location than that at the high location. However, pH at all locations did not differ. All phenological phases appeared first at the low location, second at the medium location and finally at the high location. Compared with the low location, phenological phases at the high location were 14-25 d later. Single bulb weight at the low location was the heaviest, reaching 282.4 mg. With an increase of elevation, weight of single bulbs decreased. At the high location, single bulb weight was only 217.4 mg, a decrease of 23.1% compared with the low location. That the phenology and bulb weight changed with altitude was further confirmed by the results of a transplant between high and low locations. Individuals transplanted from the low to high location always showed consistent traits with those originally at the high location, and vice versa. Changing trends of phenology and bulbs with altitude was mainly affected by length of snow free period, air temperature and soil water content. In conclusion, altitude exerted a strong influence on phenology and bulbs of F. unibracteata.

CLC Number:

Q948.11

CHEN Wen-nian, CHEN Fa-jun, XIE Yu-hua, WANG Yu, DUAN Hui-guo, QI Ze-min. Variation of phenology and bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata along altitudinal gradients[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(5): 319-324.

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