Effect of different combinations of fertilizer and plastic film mulch on grain quality and yield of winter wheat in dryland areas of the Loess Plateau

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018567

Abstract

Abstract: Extensive use of plastic film mulch in dryland farming areas of the Loess Plateau has greatly improved grain yield of winter wheat as the film reduces evaporation losses and ameliorates water deficit. Currently, optimization of wheat quality when using plastic film mulch has become the most important problem in this region. Here, a field experiment with randomized block design was conducted to investigate over two growing seasons, the combined effect of plastic film mulch and fertilizer in different combinations on grain yield and its components, grain quality, and the relationship between grain yield and processing quality. The experiment included 6 treatments: no fertilizer with conventional tillage (T₀, CK), a normal application rate of inorganic fertilizer (T₁), plastic film mulch+an equal application rate of inorganic fertilizer (T₂), manure+an equal dosage of inorganic (T₃), plastic film mulch+a high dosage of inorganic fertilizer (T₄) and manure+high dosage of inorganic fertilizer (T₅). The results indicated that inorganic fertilizer with either plastic film mulch or organic fertilizer significantly increased grain yield, wet gluten content, protein content, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation value, water absorption, extensibility and starch viscosity, while significantly decreasing dough stability time and resistance. Treatment rankings for grain yields were T₃>T₅>T₄>T₂>T₁>T₀. The increases in grain yield, compared to T₀, averaged over two years for T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅ were respectively 85.60%, 90.99%, 118.32%, 102.30% and 106.65%. The organic fertilizer improved grain yield, protein content and some dough rheological parameters better than plastic film mulch under the same inorganic fertilizer application rate. Increase in grain yield is mainly a result of an increase in leaf area, thousand grain weight, spike length and grain number per spike, while changes in dough rheological properties resulted partly from changed flour protein content. The variability of weather conditions, particularly the amount and distribution of rainfall during the growing season had a significant influence on wheat grain yield and quality parameters. In this experiment in the semi-arid farming area of the Loess Plateau of China with about 500 mm precipitation, optimal application of nitrogen and phosphorus combined with organic manure (T₃), not only resulted in the same increase in wheat yield as that achieved with plastic film mulch, but also enhanced wheat processing quality, meaning that inorganic fertilizer with organic manure is a more sustainable and environment-friendly husbandry practice than use of plastic film mulch.

Key words: winter wheat, fertilizer, mulch, yield, quality

ZHANG Li-jun, LU Qing-lin, BAI Bin, WANG Heng-xing, ZHANG Wen-tao, ZHOU Gang, BAI YV-long, ZHANG Yao-hui. Effect of different combinations of fertilizer and plastic film mulch on grain quality and yield of winter wheat in dryland areas of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(4): 70-80.

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