Analysis of soil fertility and crop yield characteristics following long-term straw return to the field in a Hexi Oasis irrigated area

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020432

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper reports a long-term （1988-2018） study of the effects of straw return， with and without fertilizer application， on productivity and soil nutrient status in a desert soil in the Hexi oasis irrigation area. The research was conducted to provide scientific data to inform management decisions on straw return and resource utilization. Data on soil fertility， crop yield， crop stability and sustainability were collected. Soil fertility data included total nitrogen， total phosphorus， total potassium， available nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium and pH in the 0-20 cm soil horizon. Treatments included straw return with phosphorus fertilizer， straw return with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers； nitrogen and phosphorus and no fertilization. The effects of long-term straw return on evolution of soil nutrient status and crop yield in a wheat-maize inter-cropping system were studied. It was found that content of the soil and crop tissues， respectively， for organic matter increased by 73.3% and 25.8%， total nitrogen increased by 50.6% and 21.7%， total phosphorus increased by 22.5% and 3.8%， and total potassium content increased by 19.9% and 38.2%， compared with the initial value at the start of the experiment. Compared with CK， soil organic matter increased by 55.3% and 20.0%， total nitrogen increased by 28.8% and 15.9%， total phosphorus increased by 50.2% and 13.4% and total potassium increased by 23.5% and 0.2%. After nine successive years of straw return， the wheat yield decreased by 5.8% on average， but increased by 65.9% from the 10th year. The yield of maize decreased by 8.2% in 13 years， and then increased by 22.0% compared with CK. Long-term application of straw or straw N and P fertilizer resulted in better soil fertility than single application of chemical fertilizer， which can significantly increase soil organic matter content and soil fertility. Combined application of straw and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer greatly improved crop yield， stability and sustainability.

Key words: long-term straw return, Hexi Oasis irrigation area, desert soil irrigation, desert soil fertility building, stability and sustainability of crop yield

Ke-sheng WU, Zong-xian CHE, Xing-guo BAO, Jiu-dong ZHANG, Bing-lin LU, Xin-qiang YANG, Rui-ju YANG. Analysis of soil fertility and crop yield characteristics following long-term straw return to the field in a Hexi Oasis irrigated area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(12): 59-70.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Contents of soil organic matter and soil pH under different fertilization treatments

Fig.2 Contents of soil total N and soil available N under different fertilization treatments

Fig.3 Contents of soil total P and soil available P under different fertilization treatments

Fig.4 Contents of soil total K and soil available K under different fertilization treatments

Fig.5 Wheat yields under different fertilization treatments

Table 1 Correlation coefficients of soil nutrient characteristics and yield of crops

项目Item	SOM	pH	TN	AN	TP	AP	TK	AK	WY	MY
pH	0.216
TN	0.936**	0.222
AN	0.739**	0.237	0.779**
TP	0.745**	0.438	0.879**	0.665*
AP	0.872**	0.231	0.950**	0.810**	0.918**
TK	0.618**	0.198	0.633*	0.167	0.420	0.504
AK	0.644**	0.409	0.636*	0.531	0.337	0.614*	0.433
WY	0.053	0.518	0.228	0.062	0.586*	0.272	0.012	0.438
MY	0.025	0.595*	0.239	0.229	0.592*	0.325	0.029	0.469	0.814**
TY	0.034	0.596*	0.245	0.191	0.614*	0.323	0.025	0.478	0.899**	0.986**

Fig.6 Maize yields under different fertilization treatments

Fig.7 Wheat and maize system yields under different fertilization treatments

Table 2 Effects of fertilization on crop yield stability， sustainability and fertilizer contribution rate （%）

处理 Treatment	小麦Wheat			玉米Maize			小麦玉米体系Wheat-maize system
处理 Treatment	CV	SYI	FCR	CV	SYI	FCR	CV	SYI	FCR
SP	34.2	41.5	25.1	47.5	28.2	14.0	31.8	43.9	19.6
1/2（S+N）P	39.7	45.3	52.4	26.0	60.7	55.4	19.8	67.9	56.6
NP	36.6	49.1	53.9	27.2	54.7	58.7	20.6	62.7	59.7
CK	62.5	16.9	-	43.7	37.9	-	26.0	46.1	-

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