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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 133-145.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021491

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Estimation of genome size for Psammochloa villosa by flow cytometry and K-mer analysis

Tao LIU1(), Yu-ping LIU2,3(), Gui FU1, Ting LV1, Feng LIU2, Yu ZHANG2, Dan-dan SU2, Ya-nan WANG2, Chang-yuan ZHENG2, Xu SU2,3,4()   

  1. 1.School of Geography Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China
    2.School of Life Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China
    3.Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Xining 810016,China
    4.Key Laboratory of Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the Ministry of Education,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China
  • Received:2021-12-28 Revised:2022-03-09 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-10-17
  • Contact: Yu-ping LIU,Xu SU

Abstract:

The genus Psammochloa belongs to Poaceae and contains only one species (Psammochloa villosa). P. villosa has characteristics typical of sand-plants, including a rhizomatous growth habit and clonal integration, and is a dominant species in non-fixed sand dunes on the Inner Mongolia Plateau in China. The present study measured the genome size of P. villosa by combing flow cytometry and K-mer analysis, built an optimized system for determination of DNA content (C value) in diploid species via selecting Achnatherum splendens as an internal standard, and Orinus kokonoricaand Aegilops squarrosa as external standards. We found that: 1) The P. villosa fluorescence peak in flow cytometry was 2.54 times that of O. kokonorica, and 1.35 times that of A. splendens. Relative fluorescence intensity of P. villosa was much smaller than for A. squarrosa. The genome size of P. villosa was estimated to 1580.10±5.02 Mb. 2) Using K-mer analysis, the genome size of P. villosa was estimated to be about 1563.54 Mb, the hybridity rate was 1.15%, and the proportion of repeated sequences was 66.27%. Therefore, the genome of P. villosa is a complex genome with high heterozygosity and high repetition. 3) It is recommended that the sequencing strategy should be based on CLR or HiFi mode from the PacBio platform, and sequencing depth should be higher than 20×. The accurate determination of genome size of P. villosa has both added to knowledge of DNA content in a member of the tribe Stipeae (Poaceae), and provided data useful for genome sequencing, evolutionary genomics research, germplasm resource development and utilization, and species conservation. The result may provide an indication of genomic size for closely related species of Stipeae.

Key words: genome size, DNA C value, flow cytometry, genome survey sequencing, K-mer analysis