甘南碌曲和合作地区冬夏季高寒天然牧草生产特性、营养成分和饲用价值分析

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140404

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究甘南碌曲和合作地区冬夏季节高寒天然牧草的生产特性、营养成分和饲用价值,试验通过化学分析法结合牧草品质评定预测公式,采用对比试验设计,试验处理为4种来自甘南碌曲和合作的夏季和冬季牧草,分别记为碌曲夏季牧草、碌曲冬季牧草、合作夏季牧草、合作冬季牧草。结果表明,无论碌曲还是合作,夏季牧草粗蛋白(CP)、总磷(TP)含量和干物质采食量(DMI)、可消化干物质量(DDM)、粗饲料相对值(RFV)、有机物质消化率(OMD)以及产鲜草量总体上都显著高于冬季牧草(P<0.05),粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、纤维素(C)含量、钙磷比(Ca/TP)都显著低于冬季牧草(P<0.05)。合作冬季牧草的半纤维素(HC)、无氮浸出物(NFE)含量显著低于其他牧草(P<0.05),钙磷比(Ca/TP)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量显著高于碌曲牧草(P<0.05)。夏季时合作牧草干物质采食量(DMI)、粗饲料相对值(RFV)显著高于碌曲牧草(P<0.05)。这表明甘南高寒天然牧草的营养成分、生产特性、饲用价值夏季牧草明显优于冬季牧草,碌曲牧草优于合作牧草。

Abstract: The growth characteristics,nutritional components and feeding value of the native forage grass from high-cold steppes (Luqu and Hezuo region of Gannan) in winter and summer were studied using four kinds of forage grass for chemical analysis and prediction models were made of forage quality evaluation in a comparison experimental design. Treatments were: forage grass from Luqu in summer (LQX),from Luqu in winter (LQD),from Hezuo in summer (HZX),and from Hezuo in winter (HZD). Compared with winter,forage grass from the two regions in summer (HZX,LQX) had higher crude protein,total phosphorus (TP),dry matter intake (DMI),digestible dry matter,relative feed value (RFV),organic matter digestibility and fresh forage yield (P<0.05). However,they were lower in crude fibre,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,and the ratio of Ca/TP than that in winter (HZD,LQD) (P<0.05). In winter,the ratio of Ca/TP and acid detergent lignin in the forage grass from Luqu (LQD,LQX) was lower than that from Hezuo (HZD,HZX) (P<0.05) and the forage grass from Hezuo (HZD) had lower hemicellulose HC and amount of nitrogen free extract than other kinds of forage grass (P<0.05). In summer,DMI and RFV of the forage grass from Hezuo (HZX) were significantly higher than those from Luqu (LQX) (P<0.05). Growth characteristics,nutritional components,and feeding value of the forage grass from Gannan in summer were better than that in winter,and the forage grass from Luqu was better than that from Hezuo in high-cold steppes (Gannan region).

中图分类号:

S816.1

吴发莉，王之盛，杨勤，石红梅，申俊华，胡瑞，邹华围. 甘南碌曲和合作地区冬夏季高寒天然牧草生产特性、营养成分和饲用价值分析[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 31-38.

WU Fa-li,WANG Zhi-sheng,YANG Qin,SHI Hong-mei,SHEN Jun-hua,HU Rui,ZOU Hua-wei. Analysis of growth characteristics, nutritional components and feeding values of native forage grass from the high-cold steppes in the Luqu and Hezuo region of Gannan in summer and winter[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(4): 31-38.

参考文献

Reference：
[1]Su D X. The management,protfection,and regional planning of grassland west China[J]. Journal of China Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2002, 22(1): 14-15. 
[2]Lu Z L. Reflection and development strategies of alpine grassland construction[J]. China Yak, 1990, (2): 1-6. 
[3]Zhao Y P. High alpine grasslands natural forage nutritive value assessment Progress[J]. Prataculture & Animal Husbandry, 2010, (4): 48-50. 
[4]Lu X Y, Lu S L. Sustainable development issues of pastoral animal husbandry in Gannan, Gansu, China[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2002, 19(7): 1-4. 
[5]Wu K X, Hao L Z, Liu S J. Animal nutrition "profit and loss" system[J]. Animals Breeding and Feed, 2008, (12): 40-42. 
[6]Institute of Tibetan Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Expedition. Tibet grassland[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1992: 16-77. 
[7]Xu T, Qi J, Pu X P, et al. Comparison of the yields and nutrients of seven forage species in Maqu county[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2012, 34(3): 113-116. 
[8]Li G J, Zhang S Z, Ji Z J. Environment variation characteristic and gray-relation forecast on pasture's yield in Maqu grassland[J]. Arid Meteorology, 2009, 27(1): 61-65. 
[9]Yang D H, Zhao J, Zhang Z H, et al. Research on changes of net primary productivity of grassland vegetation in Gannan pastoral area over the past 10 years[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2011, 29(1): 257-262. 
[10]Liu X Y, Feng Q S, Liang T F, et al. Spatial-temporal dynamic balance between livestock carrying capacity and productivity of rangeland in Gannan of Gansu province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2010, 32(1): 99-106. 
[11]Chen T Y, Chen Q. The meteorological model for predicting forage crop yield of natural grassland in Gannan of Gansu provice[J]. Agricultural Teseach in the Arid Areas, 1996, 14(1): 84-90. 
[12]Yao Y B, Li Z F. Gannan natural grassland climatic productivity assessment[J]. Gansu Meteorology, 1993, 11(1): 30-31. 
[13]Ji Z J, Li X Y, Wang Z G, et al. Study on the animal carrying ability of grassland and the best model of herd structure in Gannan in 2011-2015[J]. Gansu Science and Technology, 2010, 26(20): 174-176. 
[14]Zhang L Y. Feed analysis and feed quality testing techniques (3rd Edition)[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2007: 49-80. 
[15]Van Soest P J, Robertson J B, Lewis B A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch Polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, (74): 3583-3597. 
[16]Ren J Z. Grassland Research Methods[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1998. 
[17]Rohweder D A, Barnes R F, Jorgensen N. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1978, 47: 747-759. 
[18]Han J G, Jia S X. Study on the forage intake and dry-matter digestion coefficient of grazing sheep[J]. Grassland animal husbandry magazine, 1987, 4(4): 35-37. 
[19]Zhao Y C. Estimation of nutritive values and nutrient supply of cold-and warm-season pastures from high-cold steppes of Tibet region[J]. Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica, 2012, 24(12): 2515-2522. 
[20]Zhao Y Y, Huang D J, Mao Z X, et al. A study on forage nutritional quality of Elymus nutans from different populations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 38-45. 
[21]Zhang J. The determination of nutrition value of the grass growing in different season and the study in the effect of providing supplementary feed for cashmere goat in Naqu region of Tibet[D]. Ya'an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2005. 
[22]Academy of sciences inner Mongolia and Ningxia comprehensive expedition. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region eastern and western and adjacent areas of natural grassland[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1980. 
[23]Chen P, Ye D, Lu H C, et al. Studies on nutrient composition of forage plants of some grassland of Guangxi[J]. Guihaia, 1985, 5(2): 112-129. 
[24]Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Lawn[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1980: 22. 
[25]Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Local Chronicles Compilation Committee. Gannan Chi (on)[M]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House, 1999: 224239.
[26]Hai C X, Liu S J, Chai S T. Study on nutritive value of assessing native grass on Qinghai plateau by gas production method in vitro[J]. Qinghai Prataculture, 2007, 16(3): 15-26. 
[27]Wang C Z, Wang T. Feed[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2003: 142-153.
[28]Yang F Y. Grass Products quality and evaluation method[A]. Grass Industry Development Forum Proceedings in 2006, China [C]. Guangzhou: USDA Grassland Supervision Center, Chinese Grassland Society, 2004, 36(4): 521-526. 
[29]Yang F. Animal Nutrition (2nd Edition)[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2000: 104-105. 
[30]Fan X D, Sun Z H, Chao Z H. Factors influencing pasture biomass formation[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2003, 20(10): 33-36.
[31]Yan J C, Liang C Z, Fu X Y, et al. The responses of annual plant traits to rainfall variation in steppe and desert regions[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 68-76. 
[32]Lai Q, Li Q F, Mo R G A Q E, et al. A study on factors affecting moisture content measurement and ratio of forage fresh weight to dry weight[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2008, 30(4): 73-77. 
[33]Liu J P, Duan J. Humulus scandens gender differences in response to water stress in the vegetative growth stage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(2): 243-249. 
[34]Luo Z T. Multiple linear regression analysis of climatic factors that influence natural grass yields[J]. Gansu Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2009, 39(6): 1-5. 
[35]Zhang J K, Zou Q H, Lu D X. Study on integrative evaluation of ruminant forage fiber qualities[J]. Feed Industry, 2010, 4(2): 17-20.

参考文献：
[1]苏大学. 西部草原治理与保护区划[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2002, 22（1）: 14-15. 
[2]陆仲琳. 高寒草地建设的反思及其发展对策[J]. 中国牦牛, 1990, （2）: 1-6. 
[3]赵月平. 青藏高原高寒草地天然牧草营养价值评定研究进展[J]. 草业与畜牧, 2010, （4）: 48-50. 
[4]吕晓英, 吕胜利. 甘南州草地畜牧业的可持续发展问题[J]. 草业科学, 2002, 19（7）: 1-4. 
[5]吴克选, 郝力壮, 刘书杰. 动物营养的“盈亏”系统[J]. 养殖与饲料, 2008, （12）: 40-42. 
[6]中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队. 西藏草原[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992: 16-77. 
[7]许涛, 祁娟, 蒲小鹏, 等. 甘南玛曲七种主要饲草营养价值比较[J]. 中国草地学报, 2012, 34（3）: 113-116. 
[8]李国军, 张胜智, 吉哲君. 玛曲草原气候生态环境变化及牧草产量灰色预测[J]. 干旱气象, 2009, 27（1）: 61-65. 
[9]杨东辉, 赵军, 张智慧, 等. 近10年甘南牧区草地净初级生产力变化研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29（1）: 257-262. 
[10]刘兴元, 冯琦胜, 梁天刚, 等. 甘南牧区草地生产力与载畜量时空动态平衡研究[J]. 中国草地学报, 2010, 32（1）: 99-106. 
[11]陈添宇, 陈乾. 预测甘南天然草场牧草产量的气象模式[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 1996, 14（1）: 84-90. 
[12]姚玉壁, 李志福. 甘南天然草场气候生产力评估[J]. 甘肃气象, 1993, 11（1）: 30-31. 
[13]吉哲君, 李晓媛, 王振国, 等. 甘南州天然草场载畜能力分析及2011～2015年最优畜群结构研究[J]. 甘肃科技, 2010, 26（20）:174-176. 
[14]张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术（3版）[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2007: 49-80. 
[15]Van Soest P J, Robertson J B, Lewis B A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch Polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, （74）: 3583-3597. 
[16]任继周. 草业科学研究方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998. 
[17]Rohweder D A, Barnes R F, Jorgensen N. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1978, 47: 747-759. 
[18]韩建国, 贾慎修. 放牧绵羊采食量及消化率的研究[J]. 草原牧业杂志, 1987, 4（4）: 35-37. 
[19]赵禹臣. 西藏高寒草地冷暖季牧草的营养价值和养分提供量分析[J]. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24（12）: 2515-2522. 
[20]赵玉宇, 黄德君, 毛祝新, 等. 青藏高原地区不同垂穗披碱草居群营养品质研究[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22（1）: 38-45. 
[21]张均. 西藏那曲地区不同月份草地营养价值评定及绒山羊营养补饲研究[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2005. 
[22]中国科学院内蒙古宁夏综合考察队. 内蒙古自治区东西部及其毗邻地区天然草场[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980. 
[23]陈平, 叶栋, 陆鸿材, 等. 广西一些草场牧草营养成分的研究[J]. 广西植物, 1985, 5（2）: 112-129. 
[24]中国农业科学院草原研究所. 草地[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980: 22. 
[25]甘南藏族自治州地方史志编纂委员会. 甘南州志（上）[M]. 北京: 民族出版社, 1999: 224-239. 
[26]海存秀, 刘书杰, 柴沙驼. 应用体外产气法评定天然牧草营养价值的试验研究[J]. 青海草业, 2007, 16（3）: 15-26. 
[27]王成章, 王恬. 饲料学[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2003: 142-153. 
[28]杨富裕. 草产品品质及其评定方法[A]. 2006年中国草业发展论坛论文集[C]. 广州: 农业部草原监理中心中国草学会, 2004, 36（4）: 521-526. 
[29]杨凤. 动物营养学（2版）[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2000: 104-105. 
[30]樊晓东, 孙在红, 钞振华. 影响牧草生物量形成的因素[J]. 草业科学, 2003, 20（10）: 33-36. 
[31]闫建成, 梁存柱, 付晓玥, 等. 草原与荒漠一年生植物性状对降水变化的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22（1）: 68-76. 
[32]来强, 李青丰, 莫日根敖其尔, 等. 影响牧草含水量测定以及牧草干鲜比的主要因素[J]. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30（4）: 73-77. 
[33]刘金平, 段婧. 营养生长期雌雄葎草表观性状对水分胁迫响应的性别差异[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22（2）: 243-249. 
[34]罗振堂. 影响天然牧草产量气候因素的多元积分回归分析[J]. 甘肃畜牧兽医, 2009, 39（6）: 1-5. 
[35]张吉鹍, 邹庆华, 卢德勋. 反刍动物粗饲料纤维品质的整体评定研究[J]. 牧草与饲料, 2010, 4（2）: 17-20.