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草业学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 263-270.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140531

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

分根装置中丛枝菌根真菌影响蚕豆秸秆降解作用研究

郭涛1,2*,石孝均1,朱敏1,罗珍1   

  1. 1.西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716;
    2.国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测基地, 重庆 400716
  • 收稿日期:2013-09-27 出版日期:2014-10-20 发布日期:2014-10-20
  • 通讯作者: Email:guotaosd@swu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:郭涛(1978-),男,山东泰安人,副教授,博士。
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD05B03)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(XDJK2010B012)资助

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on broad bean straw degradation in a split root experiment

GUO Tao1,2,SHI Xiao-jun1,ZHU Min1,LUO Zhen1   

  1. 1.College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
    2.The National Monitoring Base for Purple Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency, Chongqing 400716, China
  • Received:2013-09-27 Online:2014-10-20 Published:2014-10-20

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摘要：

为了研究丛枝菌根对植物凋落物降解的作用,采用四室分根装置即土壤室、根室、菌根室和菌丝室,分室间用37.4 μm尼龙网和有机板分隔,尼龙网袋包埋蚕豆秸秆于不同分室内,以玉米为宿主植物,接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae。试验分别在移栽后第20、30、40、50、60 天时取样,通过比较不同分室内在降解过程中土壤中酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性的动态变化、微生物量碳和氮及土壤呼吸的动态变化。研究结果表明:经60 d的培养后,与非根际土壤室(S)相比,根室(R)、菌根室(M)和菌丝室(H)蚕豆秸秆降解量分别提高了15.61%,20.54%和7.74%,降解系数分别提高了25.87%、35.00%和12.17%。M室中土壤酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶活性较其他三室都有显著提高,同时菌根室(M)和菌丝室的微生物量碳、氮与土壤呼吸作用也显著增加。因此,丛枝菌根真菌和宿主植物形成共生体系后,通过提高土壤酶活性、增加微生物量的大小和活性来作用于蚕豆秸秆的降解过程,成为造成玉米秸秆降解加快的重要原因,这也表明了丛枝菌根真菌土壤碳氮循环中的重要作用。

Abstract:

The decomposition of plant residues plays an important role in the cycling of nutrients and substrates, especially the carbon-nitrogen cycle, which is influenced by many microorganisms that act in a role of consumer or decomposer and directly or indirectly accelerate the degradation process. The group of microorganisms known as, mycorrhizae are recognized as being of special importance as they have a special microhabitat and a unique role. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form mutualistic symbiosis with more than 80% of the higher plant species. The contribution of AM to the process of degradation of plant residues varied at different hierarchical levels (plant root, mycorrhizae within the root and the soil mycelium), although hit should be noted that accompanying bacteria also affect the process. In previous studies, most experiments were carried out with pot or other single compartment techniques, and this made it difficult to clarify the effects of mycorhizal symbiosis on degradation of plant residues. In the present study, a split-root technique with four compartments was used to quantitatively compare the degradation process.. In this experiment, maize (Zea mays) was used as the host plant and was inoculated with the AM fungus, Glomus mosseae (G. m) and cultivated in the split root device with four compartments which were the mycorrhizosphere (M), rhizosphere (R), hyphasphere (H) and bulk soil (S). Broad bean (Vicia faba) straw was used as a test plant residue and embedded in the four compartments. Plants were harvested respectively at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days and plant residue degradation rate, soil enzymatic activity, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and soil respiration were measured in the four compartments. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi accelerated the broad bean straw degradation in R, M and H with 15.61%, 20.54% and 7.74% compare with in the S compartment. The catalase, protease, and acid phosphatase activities were higher in the R, M and H compartments than the S compartment, as was soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil respiration. The higher microbial activity in the compartments with AM fungi facilitated and accelerated the process of plant residue degradation. Enchancement of residue decomposition by mycorrhizae has significant implications for understanding of soil C and plant N acquisition in future research.

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