笋壳替代全株玉米TMR发酵品质及有氧稳定性研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015398

草业学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 158-166.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2015398

笋壳替代全株玉米TMR发酵品质及有氧稳定性研究

丁良¹, 王坚^{1, 3}, 闻爱友^{1, 4}, 原现军¹, 郭刚¹, 李君风¹, 白晰¹, 白云峰², 邵涛^{1*, *}

1.南京农业大学,饲草调制加工与贮藏研究所,江苏南京 210095;
2.江苏省农业科学院,江苏南京210014;
3.海南大学农学院,海南海口570228;
4. 安徽科技学院动物科学技术学院,安徽凤阳233100

收稿日期:2015-09-01 修回日期:2015-11-02 出版日期:2016-06-20 发布日期:2016-06-20
通讯作者: E-mail: taoshaolan@163.com
作者简介:丁良(1990-),男,江苏宜兴人,在读硕士。E-mail: 15251837709@163.com
基金资助:
江苏省自主创新项目“以秸秆饲料化、基料化利用为核心的技术方案”(CX(15)1003)资助

Fermentation quality, nutritional values and aerobic stability of the total mixed ration after replacing whole-plant corn with different proportions of bamboo shoot shell

DING Liang¹, WANG Jian^{1, 3}, WEN Ai-You^{1, 4}, YUAN Xian-Jun¹, GUO Gang¹, LI Jun-Feng¹, BAI Xi¹, BAI Yun-Feng², SHAO Tao^{1, *}

1.Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
2.Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
3.College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
4.College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China

Received:2015-09-01 Revised:2015-11-02 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在探讨不同比例笋壳逐步替代全株玉米对全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR)发酵品质、营养价值和有氧稳定性的影响,确定适宜的笋壳替代水平。试验设对照组、15%笋壳组、25%笋壳组和35%笋壳组。青贮后第5, 7, 14, 30, 90天开窖取样,测定其发酵品质、营养成分及微生物变化;同时将青贮90 d的发酵TMR暴露到空气中,用多通道温度记录仪记录温度变化,并分别在有氧暴露第3, 6, 9和14天取样分析,评定其有氧稳定性。结果表明,尽管在整个青贮过程中随着笋壳替代比例的增加,各组乳酸含量逐渐降低,pH显著(P<0.05)升高,氨态氮/总氮逐渐上升,但青贮90 d后15%和25%组具有较高的乳酸含量(60.16~64.94 g/kg DM)、较低的pH(4.15~4.20)、氨态氮/总氮(55.56~58.73 g/kg TN)和极少量的丁酸含量(1.05~1.47 g/kg DM),仍显示良好的发酵品质。有氧暴露期间,对照组在有氧暴露第9天pH开始急剧上升,乳酸、乙酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量大幅度下降,发生有氧腐败,而笋壳处理组在有氧暴露14 d内pH缓慢上升,乳酸、乙酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量逐步降低,且温度也未超过环境温度2℃,与对照组相比有氧稳定性明显提高。其中15%组和25%组不仅有良好的发酵品质而且有氧稳定性高。从对笋壳资源的最大化利用角度出发,用25%的笋壳替代TMR中的全株玉米最为适宜。

Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacing whole-plant corn with different proportions of bamboo shoot shell (BSS) on the fermentation quality, nutritional value and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage. There were four treatments: 0% BSS (control), 15% BSS (15%), 25% BSS (25%), 35% BSS (35%). The silos were opened at 5, 7, 14, 30 and 90 days after ensiling in order to determine the fermentation quality, nutritional and microbial compositions of the silages. Meanwhile, we estimated the aerobic stability of the silages in conjunction with recording of temperature variations using an online multi-channel data logger, and analyzed the chemical composition of samples taken at day 3, 6, 9 and 14 of aerobic exposure. As the proportion of BSS increased, the lactic acid contents decreased gradually, the pH increased significantly (P<0.05) and the ammonia/total nitrogen ratios increased gradually during the ensiling. The 15% and 25% treatments still retained a good fermentation quality as indicated by high lactic acid contents (60.16-64.94 g/kg dry matter), low pH (4.15-4.20) values, low ammonia/total nitrogen ratios (55.56-58.73 g/kg total nitrogen) and minor butyric acid contents (1.05-1.47 g/kg dry matter). During the period of aerobic exposure, the initiation of aerobic deterioration of the control silage had occurred by day 9, as indicated by a dramatic rise in the pH and a decline in the lactic acid, acetic acid and water soluble carbohydrate content, and the temperature increased more than 2℃ above the environment temperature after 195 h of exposure to air. However, for the BSS treatments, the increase in pH and the decline of lactic acid, acetic acid and water soluble carbohydrate contents occurred more slowly than in the control. In addition, the temperature of the silages containing BSS increased no more than 2℃ above the environment temperature within the 14 days of aerobic exposure, which indicated that the BSS treatment significantly improved the aerobic stability compared to the control, but may have decreased the feeding value. Overall, the 15% and 25% treatments showed not only better fermentation quality but also higher aerobic stability compared to other BSS treatments. From the perspective of maximizing the use of BSS resources, it is suggested that the most appropriate replacement level of BSS is 25% in whole-plant corn TMR silage.

丁良, 王坚, 闻爱友, 原现军, 郭刚, 李君风, 白晰, 白云峰, 邵涛. 笋壳替代全株玉米TMR发酵品质及有氧稳定性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(6): 158-166.

DING Liang, WANG Jian, WEN Ai-You, YUAN Xian-Jun, GUO Gang, LI Jun-Feng, BAI Xi, BAI Yun-Feng, SHAO Tao. Fermentation quality, nutritional values and aerobic stability of the total mixed ration after replacing whole-plant corn with different proportions of bamboo shoot shell[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(6): 158-166.

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笋壳替代全株玉米TMR发酵品质及有氧稳定性研究

Fermentation quality, nutritional values and aerobic stability of the total mixed ration after replacing whole-plant corn with different proportions of bamboo shoot shell

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