喀斯特山区不同草地土壤养分与酶活性特征

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019519

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究喀斯特山区植被恢复过程中不同草地的土壤性质,研究了贵州喀斯特山区不同草地土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量的变化规律。结果表明:土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量随着土层厚度增加而减少;过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性在3种草地中的变化趋势为林草间作地>荒草地>退耕还草地,脲酶活性在0~10 cm土层的变化趋势为林草间作地>荒草地>退耕还草地,10 cm以下土层的变化趋势为林草间作地>退耕还草地>荒草地,蔗糖酶活性为荒草地>林草间作地>退耕还草地,蛋白酶活性为林草间作地>退耕还草地>荒草地,多酚氧化酶活性在3种草地中的变化各异;土壤养分含量在3种草地土壤中表现为林草间作的高于荒草地和退耕还草地。相关性分析得出:不同草地土壤养分含量与土壤酶活性的关系不同,正负兼有。研究结果表明:随着地表植被逐渐恢复、生物多样性逐渐增加的林草间作地土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量都较高,喀斯特山区生态环境逐渐得到了改善。

关键词: 喀斯特山区, 草地, 植被恢复, 土壤酶, 土壤养分

Abstract: In order to explore the soil properties of different grassland categories (wild grassland, farmland reverting to grassland, forest-grass intercropping land) in karst mountains, this study focuses on the changes in soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content of different grasslands in Guizhou province. As expected, it was found that soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content decrease with increasing soil depth. The ranking for catalase and phosphatase activities in the three grassland categories was: forest-grass intercropping land>wild grassland>farmland reverting to grassland. The ranking for urease activity in the 0-10 cm soil layer was as for phosphatase and catalase, while urease activities in the soil layer below 10 cm ranked: forest-grass intercropping land>farmland reverting to grassland>wild grassland, and the invertase activities ranked: wild grassland>forest and grass intercropping land>farmland reverting to grassland. The protease activity ranked: forest-grass intercropping land>farmland reverting to grassland>wild grassland. The soil polyphenol oxidase activity in the three grassland categories varied. The soil nutrient levels in the forest-grass intercropping land were higher than those of wild grassland and farmland reverting to grassland. It was found that the correlation between soil nutrient levels and soil enzyme activities differed in different grassland categories, being sometimes positive and sometimes negative. In summary, with the gradual restoration of surface vegetation and associated increase in biodiversity, the soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient levels in the forest grass intercropping land were higher, and the ecological environment in the karst mountain area is shown to have been gradually improved.

Key words: karst mountains, grasslands, vegetation restoration, soil enzymes, soil nutrients

黄玙璠, 舒英格, 肖盛杨, 陈梦军. 喀斯特山区不同草地土壤养分与酶活性特征[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(6): 93-104.

HUANG Yu-fan, SHU Ying-ge, XIAO Sheng-yang, CHEN Meng-jun. Quantification of soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities in different grassland categories in karst mountains[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(6): 93-104.

参考文献

[1] Su W C. Classification of rocky desertification on karst land and its ecological governance model. China Land Science, 2008, (4): 32-37.
苏维词. 喀斯特土地石漠化类型划分及其生态治理模式探讨. 中国土地科学, 2008, (4): 32-37.
[2] Peng W X, Wang K L, Song T Q, et al. Control and reconstruction model of compound degradation of karst fragile ecosystems. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, (2): 811-820.
彭晚霞, 王克林, 宋同清, 等. 喀斯特脆弱生态系统复合退化控制与重建模式. 生态学报, 2008, (2): 811-820.
[3] Wang C T, Long R J, Wang G X, et al. Correlation between surface vegetation characteristics of alpine meadow community and soil physical and chemical properties and soil microorganisms. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(6): 25-34.
王长庭, 龙瑞军, 王根绪, 等. 高寒草甸群落地表植被特征与土壤理化性状、土壤微生物之间的相关性研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(6): 25-34.
[4] Zeng S Q, Zhou G Y, She J Y. Study on soil microorganism distribution and enzyme activity in secondary forest in eastern hunan hilly area. Journal of Zhongnan Forestry University, 1998, (2): 20-23.
曾思齐, 周国英, 佘济云. 湘东丘陵区次生林土壤微生物的分布及酶的活性研究. 中南林学院学报, 1998, (2): 20-23.
[5] Wang K L, Su Y R, Zeng F P, et al. Restoration of soil characteristics and vegetation adaptability of typical karst ecosystems in southwest China. Agricultural Modernization Research, 2008, 29(6): 641-645.
王克林, 苏以荣, 曾馥平, 等. 西南喀斯特典型生态系统土壤特征与植被适应性恢复研究. 农业现代化研究, 29(6): 641-645.
[6] Suo N J, Tan Y R, Zhu W X, et al. Study on soil enzyme activity of different grassland types in the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(4): 10-15.
索南吉, 谈嫣蓉, 朱炜歆, 等. 青藏高原东缘不同草地类型土壤酶活性研究. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 10-15.
[7] Waldrop M P, Harden J W, Turetsky M R, et al. Bacterial and enchytraeid abundance accelerate soil carbon turnover along a lowland vegetation gradient in interior Alaska. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2012, 50: 188-198.
[8] Sinsabaugh R L. Phenol oxidase, peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2010, 42(3): 391-404.
[9] Wen X Q, Shu Y G, He H. Soil nutrient and microbial characteristics under different land use patterns in karst mountainous areas. Journal of Southwest Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 31(6): 1227-1233.
文小琴, 舒英格, 何欢. 喀斯特山区土地不同利用方式的土壤养分及微生物特征. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(6): 1227-1233.
[10] Bao S D. Soil agrochemical analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2005: 23-107.
鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005: 23-107.
[11] Guan S Y. Soil enzyme and its research method. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1986.
关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986.
[12] Li W F, Fang C C, Niu Y H, et al. Study on the relationship between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients of different crops in plateau area. Northern Horticulture, 2014, (12): 159-161.
李文凤, 房翠翠, 牛玉昊, 等. 高原地区不同农作物土壤酶活性与土壤养分关系研究. 北方园艺, 2014, (12): 159-161.
[13] Wang Y, Liu S Y, Wang P, et al. Effects of different land use patterns on soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient in Qinwangchuan irrigated area. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2013, 48(5): 107-113.
王莹, 刘淑英, 王平, 等. 不同土地利用方式对秦王川灌区土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2013, 48(5): 107-113.
[14] Wang B, Liu G B, Xue S. Woodland nutrient effect on soil enzyme activity and microbial. China Environmental Science, 2010, 30(10): 1375-1382.
王兵, 刘国彬, 薛萐. 退耕地养分和微生物量对土壤酶活性的影响. 中国环境科学, 2010, 30(10): 1375-1382.
[15] Xu Y D, Wang T, Li H, et al. Characteristics of soil enzyme activities and nutrient changes in caragana forest in loess hilly area. Journal of Grassland Sciences, 2018, 26(2): 363-370.
许亚东, 王涛, 李慧, 等. 黄土丘陵区人工柠条林土壤酶活性与养分变化特征. 草地学报, 2018, 26(2): 363-370.
[16] Wang T, Ma Y D, Xu Y D, et al. Relationship between soil nutrients and enzyme activity in converted Robinia pseudoacacia forest. Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(7): 2083-2091.
王涛, 马宇丹, 许亚东, 等. 退耕刺槐林土壤养分与酶活性关系. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(7): 2083-2091.
[17] Song X C, Chen X M, Guo L M, et al. Changes in soil enzyme activity in typical vegetation zones at different altitudes in Maoer Mountain. Genomics and Applied Biology, 2016, 35(12): 3455-3551.
宋贤冲, 陈晓鸣, 郭丽梅, 等. 猫儿山不同海拔典型植被带土壤酶活性变化特征. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2016, 35(12): 3545-3551.
[18] Chen X Y, Sun X, Chai Z P, et al. Effects of different soil management methods on soil properties of pear gardens in southern Xinjiang. Shaanxi Agricultural Science, 2014, 60(4): 16-19, 31.
陈新燕, 孙霞, 柴仲平, 等. 不同土壤管理方式对南疆梨园土壤性质的影响. 陕西农业科学, 2014, 60(4): 16-19, 31.
[19] Wang Y. Study on soil active organic carbon pool, soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient in Qinwangchuan irrigated area with different land use patterns. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2013.
王莹. 秦王川灌区不同土地利用方式土壤活性有机碳库、土壤酶活性和土壤养分研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2013.
[20] Gao Y, Wu Y C, Li L, et al. Profile distribution characteristics of soil nutrients under different land use patterns in karst areas. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 41(17): 69-73.
高勇, 伍宇春, 黎磊, 等. 岩溶区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分的剖面分布特征. 广东农业科学, 2014, 41(17): 69-73.
[21] Zhang L D, Li C R, Sun M G, et al. Soil enzyme activity in different vegetation restoration modes around damaged mountains in coastal areas. Chinese Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(5): 112-116.
张刘东, 李传荣, 孙明高, 等. 沿海破坏山体周边不同植被恢复模式的土壤酶活性. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(5): 112-116.
[22] Ndour N Y B, Chotte J L, Pate E, et al. Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil quality in natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions. Applied Soil Ecology, 2001, 18(3): 229-238.
[23] Xu L F, Han Q F, Wu Z Y, et al. Spatial changes of soil enzyme activity in clear tillage and shengcao pear garden. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 43(23): 4977-4982.
徐凌飞, 韩清芳, 吴中营, 等. 清耕和生草梨园土壤酶活性的空间变化. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(23): 4977-4982.
[24] Cao H, Sun H, Yang H, et al. Research progress on soil enzyme activity and its indicator on soil quality. Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2003, (1): 105-109.
曹慧, 孙辉, 杨浩, 等. 土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展. 应用与环境生物学报, 2003, (1): 105-109.
[25] Xu L, Yan J J, Chen C, et al. The relationship between soil enzyme activity and nutrients in irrigated ash-calcium farmland. Southwest Agricultural Journal, 2018, 31(11): 2378-2385.
徐莉, 闫俊杰, 陈晨, 等. 灌耕灰钙土农田土壤酶活性与养分的关系. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(11): 2378-2385.
[27] Nahidan S, Nourbakhsh F, Mosaddeghi M R. Variation of soil microbial biomass C and hydrolytic enzyme activities in a rangeland ecosystem: Are slope aspect and position effective. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2015, 61(6): 1-15.
[28] Keeler B L, Hobbie S E, Kellogg L E. Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on microbial enzyme activity in eight forested and grassland sites: Implications for litter and soil organic matter decomposition. Ecosystems, 2009, 12(1): 1-15.
[29] Kandeler E, Mosier A R, Morgan J A, et al. Response of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities to the transient elevation of carbon dioxide in a semi-arid grassland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006, 38(8): 2448-2460.
[30] Zhou X Q, Chen C R, Wang Y F, et al. Warming and increased precipitation have differential effects on soil extracellular enzyme activities in a temperate grassland. Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 444: 552-558.
[31] Huan L, Dan X, Chong W, et al. Effects of epigeic earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) on enzyme activities of a sterilized soil-sand mixture and nutrient uptake by maize. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012, 48(8): 879-887.
[32] Wei S W, Wang S M, Zhang Y, et al. Effects of different soil management methods on soil nutrients, enzyme activity and fruit flavor quality of pear garden. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(12): 46-55.
魏树伟, 王少敏, 张勇, 等. 不同土壤管理方式对梨园土壤养分、酶活性及果实风味品质的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(12): 46-55.
[33] Dong L L, Zheng F L. Effects of vegetation types on soil quality in hilly and gully loess region. Arid Region Research, 2011, 28(4): 616-621.
董莉丽, 郑粉莉. 黄土丘陵沟壑区植被类型对土壤质量的影响. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(4): 616-621.
[34] Li H J, Xu F L, Lin Y, et al. Effects of N, P, K application on soil enzymes and soil fertility of jujube forest in loess hilly region. Agricultural Research in Arid Areas, 2012, 30(4): 53-59.
李慧杰, 徐福利, 林云, 等. 施用氮磷钾对黄土丘陵区山地红枣林土壤酶与土壤肥力的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(4): 53-59.
[35] Yang W B, Geng Y Q, Wang D M. Soil enzyme activities of different vegetation types in the intercropping zone of Lijiang river. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(14): 4604-4612.
杨文彬, 耿玉清, 王冬梅. 漓江水陆交错带不同植被类型的土壤酶活性. 生态学报, 2015, 35(14): 4604-4612.