青藏高原退化高寒湿地植被群落结构和土壤养分变化特征

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019378

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了给青藏高原地区湿地恢复提供科学依据,在三江源黄河源区选取退化高寒河流湿地,采取空间代替时间的方法,选取不同湿地退化阶段,分析了高寒湿地退化过程中植物群落和土壤理化特征的变化,探究湿地退化的过程。结果表明:土壤呈碱性,土壤pH在各土层中变化趋势不明显,但在0~20 cm土层,退化严重的湿地土壤pH(8.5~9.0)显著高于未退化湿地的土壤pH(8.0)。随着退化程度的加剧,植被高度、盖度、生物量逐渐减少,群落结构趋向复杂;土壤盐分富集层逐渐下移,土壤含水量、全碳含量明显降低,碱解氮含量呈下降趋势,而全磷含量趋于升高,速效磷含量无显著变化。以上研究结果表明土壤含水量的变化是玛多河流湿地退化的首要原因,而退化主要影响群落的高度,随着退化程度的加剧,土壤含水量和全碳含量明显降低,土壤含水量的变化与植被群落结构的变化紧密相关。

关键词: 退化湿地, 高寒河流湿地, 植物群落结构, 土壤养分

Abstract: In order to provide scientific data to inform decisions on the restoration of wetland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a study was conducted of degraded alpine river wetlands in the source area of the Yellow River in Three-River Headwaters Region, and scattered sites forming a degradation time series were selected to represent the different wetland degradation stages. The plant community and soil physical and chemical characteristics across the alpine wetland degradation series were analyzed to elucidate the process of wetland degradation. Soil pH (0-20 cm soil depth) was 8.0 for undegraded wetland, but was significantly higher (8.5-9.0) in the various stages of degradation, though without any clear time-trend. With degradation, the vegetation height, coverage and biomass decreased gradually, the community structure became more complex; the soil salt enrichment layer gradually moved downward in the profile, the soil total carbon content and soil water content decreased significantly, and the alkali nitrogen content was reduced. Across the degradation series, the total phosphorus content tended to increase, while the available phosphorus content showed no significant changes. In general, the results show that the changes in soil moisture content were the main driver of degradation in the Maduo River wetland, and the degradation most affected the height of the plant community. With increasing intensification of degradation, soil water moisture and total carbon decreased significantly. Changes in soil moisture were closely related to changes in the community structure.

Key words: degraded wetland, alpine river wetland, vegetation community structure, soil nutrient

王婷, 张永超, 赵之重. 青藏高原退化高寒湿地植被群落结构和土壤养分变化特征[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4): 9-18.

WANG Ting, ZHANG Yong-chao, ZHAO Zhi-zhong. Characteristics of the vegetation community and soil nutrient status in a degraded alpine wetland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4): 9-18.

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