抗氧化剂引发对无芒雀麦老化种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018788

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提高老化种子活力是植物种质资源保护和农业生产中亟待解决的技术难题。试验以无芒雀麦老化16 d种子为研究材料,利用适宜浓度的抗坏血酸(AsA,2 mmol·L^-1)、谷胱甘肽(GSH,0.25 mmol·L^-1)和褪黑素(MT,100 μmol·L^-1)溶液和水(WT)进行引发,比较抗氧化剂引发对老化种子发芽和幼苗生长特性以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响和作用差异,探索确定延缓种子老化的适宜引发处理和引发条件。结果表明,引发后老化种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、叶长、根长和苗重均有显著(P<0.05)提高,平均发芽时间显著(P<0.05)降低,而且引发处理之间作用效果存在差异。抗氧化剂引发与水引发相比均显著(P<0.05)增加了老化种子的活力指数和苗重,其中GSH引发还显著(P<0.05)增加了幼苗的根长、种子发芽率和发芽势,表现为发芽率和发芽势最高。与未引发对照(CK)相比,水引发后老化种子的抗氧化酶均没有显著(P>0.05)变化;与水引发相比,抗氧化剂引发后老化种子的POD活性均显著(P<0.05)增强,而且AsA和GSH还显著(P<0.05)增加了CAT活性。基于8个发芽和幼苗生长指标对引发处理进行聚类分析,发现GSH引发对老化种子发芽和幼苗生长的作用效果最大。主成分分析显示,发芽率和发芽势可以更好地反映抗氧化剂引发对老化种子在发芽和幼苗生长方面的影响。综合分析认为,抗氧化剂引发对无芒雀麦老化种子活力的提升效果显著(P<0.05),其中GSH引发效果最佳,但其对老化损伤的修复需要一定作用时间。

关键词: 种子老化, 种子引发, 抗坏血酸, 谷胱甘肽, 褪黑素, 无芒雀麦

Abstract: The poor vigor of aged seeds is a technical problem that needs to be solved for the protection of plant germplasm resources and for agricultural production. In this study, an antioxidant priming technique was used to treat smooth bromegrass seeds aged for 16 days, to determine the suitable antioxidant and optimum priming conditions to postpone seed aging. Aged seeds were conditioned with ascorbic acid (AsA, 2 mmol·L^-1), glutathione (GSH, 0.25 mmol·L^-1), melatonin (MT, 100 μmol·L^-1), or water (WT), and then germination and seedling growth characteristics, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were determined. There were differences in effectiveness among the priming treatments. All the priming treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased the germination percentage, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, leaf length, root length, and seedling weight, and significantly (P<0.05) decreased the mean germination time. Compared with WT, priming with antioxidants significantly increased the vigor index and seedling weight of aged seeds. Among the three antioxidants, GSH significantly (P<0.05) promoted the root length of seedlings, germination percentage, and germination potential, and resulted in the highest values for germination percentage and germination potential. Priming with water had no significant (P>0.05) effect on antioxidant enzyme activity in aged seeds. However, compared with water priming, antioxidant priming of aged seeds significantly (P<0.05) enhanced seed peroxidase activity, and priming with AsA and GSH significantly (P<0.05) increased seed catalase activity. The data for the eight indexes of germination and seedling growth in the priming treatments were subjected to a cluster analysis. This analysis showed that GSH had the strongest positive effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of smooth bromegrass. A principal component analysis showed that, of all the indexes, the germination percentage and germination potential best reflected the effect of priming on germination and seedling growth of aged seeds. Therefore, antioxidant priming, especially with GSH, can significantly enhance the vigor of aged smooth bromegrass seeds, although the repair of aging damage can take some time.

Key words: seed aging, seed priming, ascorbic acid, glutathione, melatonin, smooth bromegrass

孙铭, 王思琪, 艾尔肯·达吾提, 毛培胜. 抗氧化剂引发对无芒雀麦老化种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(11): 105-113.

SUN Ming, WANG Si-qi, Aierken· Dawuti, MAO Pei-sheng. Effects of antioxidant priming on germination and seedling growth of aged seeds of smooth bromegrass[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(11): 105-113.

参考文献

[1] Yan Q C.Seed science. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2001.
颜启传. 种子学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2001.
[2] Fleming M B, Richards C M, Walters C.Decline in RNA integrity of dry-stored soybean seeds correlates with loss of germination potential. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2017, 68(9): 2219-2230.
[3] Parkhey S, Naithani S C, Keshavkant S.ROS production and lipid catabolism in desiccating Shorea robusta seeds during aging. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2012, 57(8): 261-267.
[4] Cheng H, Chen L L, Xia F S, et al. Advances in the molecular biology study of seed aging. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(1): 129-137.
程航, 陈玲玲, 夏方山, 等. 种子老化的分子生物学研究. 草业科学, 2017, 34(1): 129-137.
[5] Liu J, Gui J, Gao W, et al. Review of the physiological and biochemical reactions and molecular mechanisms of seed aging. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(16): 4997-5006.
刘娟, 归静, 高伟, 等. 种子老化的生理生化与分子机理研究进展. 生态学报, 2016, 36(16): 4997-5006.
[6] Yan H F, Xia F S, Mao P S.Research progress of seed aging and vigor repair. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2014, 30(3): 20-26.
闫慧芳, 夏方山, 毛培胜. 种子老化及活力修复研究进展. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(3): 20-26.
[7] Xia F S, Yan H F, Zhu Y Q, et al. Review on the non-enzymatic scavenging agent of reactive oxygen species in aged seeds. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(6): 1126-1135.
夏方山, 闫慧芳, 朱艳乔, 等. 活性氧非酶促清除剂对老化种子的影响. 草业科学, 2016, 33(6): 1126-1135.
[8] Ma M L, Zhang C Y, Liu L.Research progress melatonin. China Pharmaceuticals, 2001, 10(11): 74-75.
马满玲, 张春雨, 刘莉. 褪黑素的研究进展. 中国药业, 2001, 10(11): 74-75.
[9] Fan M H, Zhang Y X, Shi G, et al. Effects of exogenous ascorbic acid on seed germination and growth of Brassica napus under seawater stress. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2009, 31(1): 34-38.
范美华, 张义鑫, 石戈, 等. 外源抗坏血酸对油菜种子在海水胁迫下萌发生长的影响. 中国油料作物学报, 2009, 31(1): 34-38.
[10] Jiang X W, Li H Q, Wang J H.Physiological response of Scutellaria baicalensis seed germination and seedling to exogenous ascorbic acid under salt stress. Plant Physiology Journal, 2015, 51(2): 166-170.
江绪文, 李贺勤, 王建华. 盐胁迫下黄芩种子萌发及幼苗对外源抗坏血酸的生理响应. 植物生理学报, 2015, 51(2): 166-170.
[11] Ding J J, Pan Y Z, Liu S L, et al. Effects of exogenous AsA on the growth of Dianthus chinensis seedlings under soil Cd stress. Journal of Agro-environment Science, 2013, 32(8): 1520-1528.
丁继军, 潘远智, 刘柿良, 等. 外源AsA对土壤重金属镉胁迫下石竹(Dianthus chinensis)幼苗生长的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(8): 1520-1528.
[12] Zhang Y P.Studies on the methods and mechanism of improving eggplant seed vigor and seedling resistance to chilling by seed priming. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2011.
张彦萍. 种子引发提高茄子种子活力及幼苗抗冷性的效应及机理研究. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2011.
[13] Zhang J, Han Y, Sun Y B, et al. Repairing effects of PEG, GA₃ and AsA on aged sorghum seeds treated by high temperature. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2017, 48(3): 265-270.
张姣, 韩熠, 孙韵璧, 等. PEG、GA3和AsA对高温老化处理高粱种子的修复作用. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2017, 48(3): 265-270.
[14] Zhang H J, Zhang N, Yang R C, et al. Melatonin promotes seed germination under high salinity by regulating antioxidant systems, ABA and GA₄ interaction in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Journal of Pineal Research, 2015, 57(3): 269-279.
[15] Mao P S.A method of using melatonin to enhance storage ability of oat seeds under high temperature, CN201610453578. Beijing: Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2016.
毛培胜. 一种利用褪黑素增强燕麦引发种子耐高温贮藏的方法, CN201610453578. 北京: 知识产权出版社, 2016.
[16] Han Y, Wu B, Li Z Z.Effects of glutathione on aged seeds of wheat. Journal of Liaoning University (Natural Science Edition), 2002, 29(3): 275-278.
韩阳, 吴斌, 李珍珍. 谷胱甘肽对老化小麦种子影响的研究. 辽宁大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 29(3): 275-278.
[17] Chen Y S.Alleviation effects of exogenous glutathione on copper toxicity during soybean seeds germination. Soybean Science, 2012, 31(2): 247-251.
陈玉胜. 外源谷胱甘肽对大豆种子萌发过程中铜毒害的缓解效应. 大豆科学, 2012, 31(2): 247-251.
[18] Ruan S L, Xue Q Z.Plant seed priming. Plant Physiology Journal, 2002, 38(2): 198-202.
阮松林, 薛庆中. 植物的种子引发. 植物生理学报, 2002, 38(2): 198-202.
[19] International Seed Testing Association. International rules for seed testing. Zürichstr: International Seed Testing Association, 2016.
国际种子检验协会. 国际种子检验规程. 苏黎世: 国际种子检验协会, 2016.
[20] Omran R G.Peroxide levels and the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and indoleacetic acid oxidase during and after chilling cucumber seedlings. Plant Physiology, 1980, 65(2): 407-408.
[21] Chance B, Maehly A C.Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods in Enzymology, 1955, 2(55): 764-775.
[22] Beauchamp C, Fridovich I.Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 1971, 44(1): 276-287.
[23] Hammer Q, Harper D A T, Ryan P D. Past: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electronica, 2001, (4): 1-9.
[24] Sun Q, Wang J H, Sun B Q.Advances on seed vigor physiological and genetic mechanisms. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2007, 40(1): 48-53.
孙群, 王建华, 孙宝启. 种子活力的生理和遗传机理研究进展. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(1): 48-53.
[25] Gao H W, Man Q, Pan J, et al. Differences in properties of seed vigor between artificially and naturally aged soybean seeds. Seed, 2015, 34(1): 14-18.
高华伟, 满强, 潘晶, 等. 大豆人工老化与自然老化的种子活力差异研究. 种子, 2015, 34(1): 14-18.
[26] Wang Y R, Zhang J Q, Liu H X, et al. Physiological and ecological responses of alfalfa and milk vetch seed to PEG priming. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(3): 402-408.
王彦荣, 张建全, 刘慧霞, 等. PEG引发紫花苜蓿和沙打旺种子的生理生态效应. 生态学报, 2004, 24(3): 402-408.
[27] Brilhante J C D A, Oliveira A B D, Lima E S J W, et al. Action of exogenous ascorbic acid on physiological quality of cowpea seeds artificially aged. Semina Ciências Agrárias, 2013, 34(3): 985-994.
[28] Yan H F, Mao P S, Yan S, et al. Impacts of ascorbic acid on germination, antioxidant enzymes and ultrastructure of embryo cells of aged Elymus sibiricus seeds with different moisture contents. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 2016, 18(1): 176-183.
[29] Tommasi F, Paciolla C, Pinto M C D, et al. Effects of storage temperature on viability, germination and antioxidant metabolism in Ginkgo biloba L. seeds. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2006, 44(5): 359-368.
[30] Draganiĉ I, Lekiĉ S, Brankoviĉ T, et al. Fatty acids and tocopherol content in sunflower seeds affected by accelerated ageing and priming with antioxidant solutions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 2011, 16(2): 100-104.
[31] Ma R X, Wang Y R.Advances in seed hydro-priming research. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008, 17(6): 141-147.
马瑞霞, 王彦荣. 种子水引发的研究进展. 草业学报, 2008, 17(6): 141-147.
[32] Ye N H, Zhang J H.Antagonism between abscisic acid and gibberellins is partially mediated by ascorbic acid during seed germination in rice. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 2012, 7(5): 563-565.
[33] Hu D, Ma G, Wang Q, et al. Spatial and temporal nature of reactive oxygen species production and programmed cell death in elm (Ulmus pumila L.) seeds during controlled deterioration. Plant Cell and Environment, 2012, 35(11): 2045-2059.