刈割茬次和生育期对苜蓿青贮品质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019111

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以新疆石河子市第八师147团紫花苜蓿为研究材料,探究不同刈割茬次及生育期苜蓿青贮营养品质和发酵品质间的差异。选择3个刈割茬次,现蕾期、初花期和盛花期3个生育期处理;分别于青贮发酵第3、9、15、30、45、60天取样测定其青贮品质。结果表明:苜蓿青贮过程中,刈割茬次与生育期的交互作用对干物质、中性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白、乳酸和乙酸含量产生极显著影响(P<0.01),苜蓿青贮在发酵过程中会降低营养物质的含量,发酵60 d时,第3茬盛花期苜蓿青贮的DM含量最高,达到39.03%,第3茬现蕾期苜蓿青贮的酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量最低,第1茬现蕾期CP、WSC含量最高,分别是20.21%和4.39%,第2茬现蕾期的乳酸和乙酸含量相对其他处理较高,第1茬现蕾期氨态氮含量最低。各处理综合评价排序:第1茬现蕾期处理>第3茬现蕾期处理>第1茬初花期处理>第2茬现蕾期处理>第3茬初花期处理>第1茬盛花期处理>第3茬盛花期处理>第2茬初花期处理>第2茬盛花期处理。刈割越早,苜蓿越幼嫩,营养品质高,适口性好,并有利于植株再生,苜蓿青贮的营养品质和发酵品质也较晚刈割的其他处理好。因此,控制苜蓿刈割时间可改善苜蓿青贮营养、发酵品质,提高苜蓿利用率。

关键词: 苜蓿青贮, 营养品质, 发酵品质, 生育期

Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of the cutting date and growth stage at cutting on nutritional quality and fermentation characteristics of alfalfa of [147 regiment] in Shihezi city, Xinjiang. Data were collected for the first, second and third cuts of the season, for bud, early flowering, and flowering crop growth stages. Silage quality was determined by sampling at 3, 9, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after commencement of silage fermentation. Highly significant (P<0.01) effects of cutting date on crop growth duration, dry matter yield, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, lactic acid and acetic acid contents of silage were observed. In alfalfa the silage fermentation process can reduce nutrient content. After 60 days fermentation, DM content of alfalfa silage in the third cutting was the highest, reaching 39.03%. Acid and neutral detergent fiber contents were lowest in the third cut at the budding crop growth stage, while crude protein contents were highest in the first cut at budding stage. CP and WSC were the highest in the first cutting, which was 20.21% and 4.39%, respectively. The highest silage lactic and acetic acid contents occurred in second cut silage harvest at the budding stage. The ammonia nitrogen content of silage from the first cut was the lowest at the budding stage. The earlier the cutting time, the more tender the alfalfa crop was, and the higher the nutritive quality and palatability was, and plant regrowth was also improved. The overall ranking of cut and growth stage combinations for silage nutritive value, quality and yield was: first cut at bud stage>third cut at bud stage>first cut at early flowering stage>second cut at bud stage>third cut at early flowering stage>first cut at flowering stage>third cut at flowering stage>second cut at early flowering stage>second cut at flowering stage. Therefore, controlling the cutting time of alfalfa could improve the nutrition, fermentation quality and utilization rate of alfalfa.

Key words: alfalfa silage, nutritional quality, fermentation quality, growth period

李菲菲, 张凡凡, 王旭哲, 唐开婷, 马春晖. 刈割茬次和生育期对苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(12): 137-148.

LI Fei-fei, ZHANG Fan-fan, WANG Xu-zhe, TANG Kai-ting, MA Chun-hui. Effects of cutting date and crop growth stage on alfalfa silage quality[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(12): 137-148.

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