氮磷互作对不同茬次滴灌苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018566

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨滴灌条件下不同氮磷互作模式对绿洲区滴灌苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响,本试验设置施N 105 (N₁)和210 kg·hm^-2(N₂)2种梯度,施P₂O₅ 0 (CK)、50 (P₁)、100 (P₂)和150 kg·hm^-2(P₃)4种施磷梯度,交互配施共8个处理(N₁P₀、N₁P₁、N₁P₂、N₁P₃、N₂P₀、N₂P₁、N₂P₂、N₂P₃),采用随机区组设计,对滴灌苜蓿各生长性状、干草产量及营养品质进行测定。结果表明:N₁条件下,前3茬中,苜蓿的株高、茎粗、生长速度、干草产量和粗蛋白质含量均表现为P₂处理大于其他处理;N₂条件下,苜蓿的株高、茎粗、生长速度、干草产量和粗蛋白质含量均表现为P₁处理大于其他处理;N₁、N₂条件下,各茬次苜蓿叶片、茎秆的酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量均表现为P₂处理小于其他处理。P₀、P₂和P₃条件下,前3茬中,苜蓿的株高、茎粗、生长速度、干草产量和粗蛋白质含量均表现为N₁处理大于N₂处理;相同施磷条件下,苜蓿叶片、茎秆的酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量均表现为N₁处理小于N₂处理。通过对苜蓿各生长性状指标与干草产量灰色关联度分析表明,生长速度和茎粗对苜蓿干草产量的贡献率较大,株高和茎叶比对苜蓿干草产量的贡献率较小。通过模糊相似优先比评价表明,不同氮磷处理下滴灌苜蓿各茬次的较优施肥模式为N₁P₂处理,此处理下,苜蓿能够获得较高干草产量(25103.19 kg·hm^-2)、高蛋白含量(叶:23.60%~26.47%、茎:10.57%~11.76%)、低酸性洗涤纤维含量(叶:13.28%~17.41%、茎:38.63%~47.21%)和低中性洗涤纤维含量(叶:18.18%~22.93%、茎:49.53%~59.83%)。在新疆绿洲区,施氮(N)105 kg·hm^-2、磷(P₂O₅)100 kg·hm^-2有利于促进滴灌苜蓿干草产量的形成及营养品质的提高。

关键词: 苜蓿, 氮磷互作, 滴灌, 干草产量, 营养品质

Abstract: This research explored the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates and their interaction on productivity and nutritional value of alfalfa under drip irrigation in the oasis region of Xinjiang. A randomized block design of two nitrogen levels (105 and 210 kg·ha^-1) and four levels of P₂O₅ (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg·ha^-1) was used, making a total of 8 treatments (N₁P₀, N₁P₁, N₁P₂, N₁P₃, N₂P₀, N₂P₁, N₂P₂, N₂P₃). Growth traits, hay yield and the nutritional value of the alfalfa were studied. It was found that under the N₁ treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, growth rate, hay yield and crude protein of alfalfa in the P₂ treatment were greater than other treatments in the first three cuts. However, under the N₂ treatment these same responses were greater than other treatments in the P₁ treatment. The contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in alfalfa leaves and stems in the P₂ treatment were lower than other treatments at each cut under N₁ and N₂ treatments. The plant height, stem diameter, growth rate, hay yield and crude protein of alfalfa in the N₁ treatment were higher than the N₂ treatment under P₀, P₂ and P₃ treatments. Under the same phosphorus application conditions, the contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in the N₁ treatment were lower than the N₂ treatment in leaves and stems of alfalfa. Through grey correlation analysis between growth traits index and hay yield of alfalfa it was shown that growth rate and stem diameter had major contributions to hay yield of alfalfa, but the plant height and stem∶leaf ratio had lesser contributions. Through fuzzy similarity priority ratio, the optimal fertilization mode at each cut of alfalfa among the eight treatments under drip irrigation was identified as the N₁P₂ treatment. Under this regime alfalfa produced a high hay yield of 25103.19 kg·ha^-1, with a leaf protein content range of 23.60%-26.47% and a stem protein range of 10.57%-11.76%, together with lower acid detergent fiber contents (leaf: 13.28%-17.41%, stem: 38.63%-47.21%) and lower neutral detergent fiber contents (leaves: 18.18%-22.93%, stem: 49.53%-59.83%). Therefore, the combination of nitrogen (N) at 105 kg·ha^-1 and phosphorus (P₂O₅) at 100 kg·ha^-1 were optimal for high hay yield and improved nutritional quality of alfalfa under drip irrigation in the Xinjiang oasis area.

Key words: alfalfa, nitrogen and phosphorus interaction, drip irrigation, hay yield, nutritional quality

苗晓茸, 孙艳梅, 于磊, 马春晖, 张前兵. 氮磷互作对不同茬次滴灌苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(9): 55-66.

MIAO Xiao-rong, SUN Yan-mei, YU Lei, MA Chun-hui, ZHANG Qian-bing. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rate on hay yield and nutritional quality of alfalfa under drip irrigation[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(9): 55-66.

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