黄土高原不同发育阶段生物结皮的导水和持水特征

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020246

草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 54-63.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020246

黄土高原不同发育阶段生物结皮的导水和持水特征

孙福海¹(), 肖波¹^,²(), 李胜龙¹, 王芳芳¹

^1.中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院，北京 100193
^2.中国科学院水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2020-05-26 修回日期:2020-07-06 出版日期:2021-05-21 发布日期:2021-05-21
通讯作者: 肖波
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail：xiaobo@cau.edu.cn
孙福海（1997-）, 男, 安徽界首人, 在读博士。E-mail：sunfh@cau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42077010);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划（2019）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021TC038)

Effects of biological soil crusts in different developmental stages on soil water permeability and water holding capacity in the Chinese Loess Plateau

Fu-hai SUN¹(), Bo XIAO¹^,²(), Sheng-long LI¹, Fang-fang WANG¹

^1.College of Land Science and Technology，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100193，China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau，Institute of Soil and Water Conservation，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Yangling 712100，China

Received:2020-05-26 Revised:2020-07-06 Online:2021-05-21 Published:2021-05-21
Contact: Bo XIAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明黄土高原不同发育阶段生物结皮对土壤导水和持水特性的影响，以裸沙和不同发育阶段生物结皮（藻结皮、藻-藓混生结皮、藓结皮）为研究对象，分别采用定水头法和威尔科克斯法对其导水和持水特性进行了测定。结果表明，在0~10 cm土层，生物结皮显著降低了土壤饱和导水率，藻结皮、藻-藓混生结皮和藓结皮土壤的饱和导水率较裸沙分别平均下降了59.3%，62.9%和27.6%；同时，其水分入渗参数（初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、平均入渗速率和累积入渗量）较裸沙分别平均降低了37.7%、54.3%和18.4%，延缓了土壤水分入渗过程；此外， 3种发育阶段生物结皮的田间持水量（体积含水量）较裸沙分别增加了0.97、1.10和0.70倍，退水过程（0~120 h）的平均土壤体积含水量分别增加了1.14、1.40和0.74倍。与裸沙相比，不同发育阶段的生物结皮均显著降低了土壤导水率，同时提高了土壤持水性；其中藻-藓混生结皮对土壤导水和持水性能的影响大于藻结皮和藓结皮，其主要原因可能是不同发育阶段生物结皮中非维管束植物和微生物的群落结构存在差异。综上，随着生物结皮由藻向藓的发育演替，其土壤导水性呈现先降低后增加的趋势，而土壤持水性表现为先增加后降低的变化规律。

关键词: 饱和导水率, 田间持水量, 藻结皮, 藓结皮, 藻-藓混生结皮

Abstract:

This study was conducted to understand the effects of biocrusts （biological soil crusts） in different developmental stages on soil water permeability and water holding capacity in dryland ecosystems. We firstly selected areas with different developmental stages of biocrusts （cyanobacteria， mixture of cyanobacteria and moss， and moss）， as well as the adjacent bare soil， in a watershed named Liudaogou in the northern Loess Plateau of China， as study sites. Next， the soil water permeability of the different treatments was measured by the constant pressure head method and water holding capacity by the Welcox method. Lastly， the saturated hydraulic conductivity and water infiltration parameters （including stable infiltration rate， average infiltration rate， and cumulative infiltration amount） were obtained and analyzed to determine the effects of these biocrusts on soil water permeability and water holding capacity. It was found that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the cyanobacteria， mixture of cyanobacteria and moss， and moss biocrusts was decreased on average by 59.3%， 62.9%， and 27.6%， respectively， in contrast to that of the 0-10 cm soil. Moreover， the water infiltration parameters of the cyanobacteria， mixture of cyanobacteria and moss， and moss biocrusts was decreased on average by 37.7%， 54.4% and 18.4%， respectively， in comparison to the bare soil. Additionally， the biocrust developmental stage greatly influenced the soil water holding capacity. As compared with bare soil， the field capacity of the cyanobacteria， mixed cyanobacteria and moss， and moss biocrusts was increased changed on average by 0.97， 1.10， and 0.70 times， respectively. Correspondingly， the average volumetric water content in a drainage test （0-120 h） was changed by 1.14， 1.40， and 0.74 times， respectively. All the above results indicate that biocrusts greatly reduced surface soil water permeability and increased water holding capacity as compared with the bare soil， regardless of the different developmental stages. The biocrust comprising a mixture of cyanobacteria and moss had greater impacts on soil water conductivity and water holding capacity than the cyanobacteria biocrusts and moss biocrusts， which are possibly caused by the differences in the community structure of non-vascular plants and microbes of the biocrusts. In conclusion， the soil water permeability of biocrusts initially decreases and then increases along their developmental status from cyanobacteria to mosses in dryland ecosystems， but their soil water holding capacity increases initially and later decreases with biocrust developmental stage.

Key words: saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, cyanobacteria crust, moss crust, mixture of cyanobacteria and moss crust

孙福海, 肖波, 李胜龙, 王芳芳. 黄土高原不同发育阶段生物结皮的导水和持水特征[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(6): 54-63.

Fu-hai SUN, Bo XIAO, Sheng-long LI, Fang-fang WANG. Effects of biological soil crusts in different developmental stages on soil water permeability and water holding capacity in the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(6): 54-63.

图/表 6

表1 不同发育阶段生物结皮和无结皮的土壤样品理化性质

Table 1 Soil physicochemical properties of the biocrusts in different developmental stages and bare soil

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	处理 Treatments	结皮厚度 Biocrust thickness (mm)	生物量 Biomass (g·cm^-2)	容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	孔隙度 Soil porosity (%)	砂粒含量 Sand content (%)	粉粒含量 Silt content (%)	黏粒含量 Clay content (%)
0~5	CK	-	-	1.57±0.03a	40.87±1.08b	95.52±0.40a	4.48±0.40c	0.00±0.00d
	A	3.24±0.72c	0.08±0.03b	1.52±0.05b	42.70±1.76a	79.57±0.45b	20.32±0.45b	0.11±0.00c
	B	5.88±1.37b	0.10±0.03b	1.50±0.01b	43.49±0.43a	77.95±0.74c	21.89±0.70a	0.16±0.04b
	C	8.06±0.74a	0.15±0.05a	1.48±0.05b	44.27±1.83a	77.39±0.31c	22.03±0.30a	0.58±0.01a
5~10	CK	-	-	1.61±0.04a	39.24±1.45b	95.57±1.85a	4.42±1.86c	0.01±0.01c
	A	-	-	1.54±0.02b	42.08±0.79a	89.78±0.58b	10.20±0.58b	0.02±0.01c
	B	-	-	1.55±0.02b	41.54±0.81a	86.63±2.57c	13.26±2.69a	0.11±0.10a
	C	-	-	1.61±0.01a	39.39±0.25b	96.14±0.98a	3.76±0.95c	0.10±0.03ab

图1 不同发育阶段生物结皮和无结皮覆盖下不同深度土层的饱和导水率不同小写字母表示同一土层不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at the same soil depth (P<0.05). The same below.

Fig.1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the biocrusts in different developmental stages and bare soil at different depths

图2 不同发育阶段生物结皮和无结皮覆盖土壤的水分入渗过程与累积入渗量

Fig.2 Infiltration process and cumulative infiltration amount of the biocrusts in different developmental stages and bare soil

表2 不同发育阶段生物结皮覆盖土壤和无结皮的水分入渗参数

Table 2 Infiltration parameters of the biocrusts in different developmental stages and bare soil

处理 Treatments	初始入渗速率 Initial infiltration rate (mm·min^-1)	稳定入渗速率 Stable infiltration rate (mm·min^-1)	平均入渗速率 Average infiltration rate (mm·min^-1)	累积入渗量 Cumulative infiltration amount (mm)
CK	12.65±2.10a	4.02±0.40a	4.53±0.26a	277.96±14.37a
A	7.10±1.15c	2.58±0.13c	2.84±0.21c	184.01±14.50c
B	8.56±0.70bc	1.35±0.03d	1.72±0.03d	120.64±1.18d
C	9.87±1.23b	3.09±0.18b	3.87±0.09b	239.36±5.42b

图3 不同发育阶段生物结皮和无结皮的退水曲线

Fig.3 Change of soil water content of biocrusts in different developmental stages and bare soil

图4 不同发育阶段生物结皮和无结皮覆盖下0~10 cm土层的饱和含水量和田间持水量

Fig.4 Saturated water content and field capacity of the biocrusts in different developmental stages and bare soil at 0-10 cm depth

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黄土高原不同发育阶段生物结皮的导水和持水特征

Effects of biological soil crusts in different developmental stages on soil water permeability and water holding capacity in the Chinese Loess Plateau

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