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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 107-117.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021216

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

深松浅旋对半干旱区退化紫花苜蓿人工草地改良效果研究

王斌1(), 李满有1, 王欣盼1, 董秀2, 庞军宝3, 兰剑1()   

  1. 1.宁夏大学农学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.宁夏隆德县畜牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏 固原 756000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-25 修回日期:2021-07-05 出版日期:2021-12-01 发布日期:2021-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 兰剑
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: ndlanjian@163.com
    王斌(1995-),男,宁夏中卫人,在读硕士。E-mail: 2415540536@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01);宁夏半干旱区退化苜蓿草地更新复壮关键技术研究与示范项目资助

Combined ploughing and tilling to improve degraded alfalfa (Medicago sativa) stands in a semi-arid region

Bin WANG1(), Man-you LI1, Xin-pan WANG1, Xiu DONG2, Jun-bao PANG3, Jian LAN1()   

  1. 1.College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
    3.Ningxia Longde County Livestock Technology Extension Service Center,Guyuan 756000,China
  • Received:2021-05-25 Revised:2021-07-05 Online:2021-12-01 Published:2021-12-01
  • Contact: Jian LAN

摘要:

针对半干旱区退化紫花苜蓿人工草地饲草产量低、品质差问题,试验采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了不同深松浅旋程度:深松30 cm+浅旋5 cm(S1Q1),深松30 cm+浅旋10 cm(S1Q2),深松40 cm+浅旋5 cm(S2Q1),深松40 cm+浅旋10 cm(S2Q2),深松50 cm+浅旋5 cm(S3Q1),深松50 cm+浅旋10 cm(S3Q2)以及不做处理(CK)对半干旱区退化紫花苜蓿草地土壤理化性质、生产性能及饲草品质的影响,并利用主成分分析(PCA)方法评价其改良效果。3年试验结果表明,深松浅旋能够不同程度降低紫花苜蓿草地土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,显著提高紫花苜蓿株高、分枝数和叶茎比。其中,S2Q1处理可降低0~40 cm土层土壤容重,S2Q2处理可提高紫花苜蓿分枝数、干草产量和粗蛋白含量,降低中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量。经PCA综合分析,紫花苜蓿干草产量、叶茎比和粗蛋白贡献率较大,牧草相对饲喂价值和中性洗涤纤维贡献率较小;深松浅旋S2Q2处理能够获得较高的紫花苜蓿干草产量(6505.44 kg·hm-2)和粗蛋白含量(20.74%);综合性状排名由高到低依次为S2Q2,S1Q2,S2Q1,S3Q2,S1Q1,S3Q1,CK。由此说明,深松40 cm+浅旋10 cm对半干旱区退化紫花苜蓿草地改良效果最优。

关键词: 深松浅旋, 退化苜蓿草地, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Degraded alfalfa (Medicago sativa) stands in semi-arid regions have a low forage yield and poor forage quality, but may be improved by management methods such subsoiling. We conducted a 3-year field experiment with a single factor randomized block design to study the restorative effects on soil physical and chemical properties of subsoiling combined with shallow rotary tilling: plowing to 30 cm+tilling to 5 cm (S1Q1), plowing to 30 cm+tilling to 10 cm (S1Q2), plowing to 40 cm+tilling to 5 cm (S2Q1), plowing to 40 cm+tilling to 10 cm (S2Q2), plowing to 50 cm+tilling to 5 cm (S3Q1), plowing to 50 cm+tilling to 10 cm (S3Q2) and control (CK). Production performance and forage quality of degraded alfalfa grassland were determined, and a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the improvement effects of the treatments. It was found that plowing with shallow rotary tilling reduced the soil bulk density, increased soil porosity, and led to significant increases in the plant height, branch number, and leaf∶stem ratio of alfalfa. Among the treatments, S2Q1 reduced the soil bulk density in the 0-40 cm soil layer, and S2Q2 increased the branch number, hay yield, and crude protein content in alfalfa, and reduced the neutral and acid detergent fiber contents. The results of the PCA indicated that the treatments had larger effects on alfalfa hay yield, leaf∶stem ratio, and crude protein content, and smaller effects on the forage relative feeding value and neutral detergent fiber content. The S2Q2 treatment with deep loosening by plowing and shallow tilling led to a high alfalfa hay yield (6505.44 kg·ha-1) and crude protein content (20.74%). The treatments were ranked, from largest effects on the multivariate performance score for alfalfa forage to smallest, as follows: S2Q2,S1Q2,S2Q1,S3Q2,S1Q1,S3Q1,CK. Therefore, plowing to 40 cm+tilling to 10 cm was found to be the most effective treatment for improving degraded alfalfa stands in this semi-arid area.

Key words: plowing and shallow rotary cultivation, degraded alfalfa stands, yield, quality