草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 133-140.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020507
黄丽琴1(), 李松桥1, 袁振中2, 唐晶2, 闫景彩2(), 唐启源1()
收稿日期:
2020-11-17
修回日期:
2020-12-24
出版日期:
2021-05-21
发布日期:
2021-05-21
通讯作者:
闫景彩,唐启源
作者简介:
cntqy@aliyun.com基金资助:
Li-qin HUANG1(), Song-qiao LI1, Zhen-zhong YUAN2, Jing TANG2, Jing-cai YAN2(), Qi-yuan TANG1()
Received:
2020-11-17
Revised:
2020-12-24
Online:
2021-05-21
Published:
2021-05-21
Contact:
Jing-cai YAN,Qi-yuan TANG
摘要:
本试验旨在研究全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官指数的影响。试验依据日粮不同分为两个组,试验组为65%精补料+35%全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料,对照组为65%精补料+35%全株玉米青贮料。采用随机区组设计,选取18只体重为(15.53±2.22) kg的浏阳黑山羊,根据性别相同及体重相近原则首先组成9对,再随机分入两组,每组3个重复,每个重复2雌1雄共3只羊。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:试验组肌肉失水率、肌纤维面积、脾脏指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中失水率降低18.27%、肌纤维面积降低11.24%、脾脏指数降低27.78%;试验组肌肉pH24h、熟肉率、肌纤维密度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中肌肉pH24h高10.53%、熟肉率高5.29%、肌纤维密度高9.28%;其余指标,包括宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、GR值、pH45min、亮度、红度、黄度、剪切力、肌纤维直径、心脏指数、肝脏指数、肺脏指数和肾脏指数,差异不显著。由此可见,相对全株玉米青贮料而言,饲喂全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能无不良影响,而且羊的肉品质更好;至于引起脾脏指数降低,其原因尚待探究。
黄丽琴, 李松桥, 袁振中, 唐晶, 闫景彩, 唐启源. 全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官指数的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(6): 133-140.
Li-qin HUANG, Song-qiao LI, Zhen-zhong YUAN, Jing TANG, Jing-cai YAN, Qi-yuan TANG. Effects of feeding co-fermented whole plant rice and spent mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) substrate on slaughter performance, meat quality and organ size indexes of Liuyang black goats[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(6): 133-140.
项目 Items | 试验组 Trial group | 对照组 Control group |
---|---|---|
组分 Components | ||
全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料(%) | 35.00 | 0.00 |
全株玉米青贮Whole-plant corn silage (%) | 0.00 | 35.00 |
玉米 Corn (%) | 42.25 | 42.25 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 12.35 | 12.35 |
麸皮 Bran (%) | 3.25 | 3.25 |
米糠 Rice bran (%) | 3.90 | 3.90 |
预混料 Premix (%) | 3.25 | 3.25 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平Nutrient levels | ||
总能Gross energy (GE,MJ·kg-1) | 16.82 | 16.90 |
干物质 Dry matter (DM,%) | 70.50 | 68.40 |
粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE,%) | 3.44 | 3.43 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP,%) | 12.40 | 12.12 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%) | 33.57 | 35.59 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF,%) | 15.07 | 14.52 |
钙Calcium (Ca,%) | 1.19 | 0.82 |
磷 Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.31 | 0.27 |
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (dry matter basis)
项目 Items | 试验组 Trial group | 对照组 Control group |
---|---|---|
组分 Components | ||
全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料(%) | 35.00 | 0.00 |
全株玉米青贮Whole-plant corn silage (%) | 0.00 | 35.00 |
玉米 Corn (%) | 42.25 | 42.25 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 12.35 | 12.35 |
麸皮 Bran (%) | 3.25 | 3.25 |
米糠 Rice bran (%) | 3.90 | 3.90 |
预混料 Premix (%) | 3.25 | 3.25 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平Nutrient levels | ||
总能Gross energy (GE,MJ·kg-1) | 16.82 | 16.90 |
干物质 Dry matter (DM,%) | 70.50 | 68.40 |
粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE,%) | 3.44 | 3.43 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP,%) | 12.40 | 12.12 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%) | 33.57 | 35.59 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF,%) | 15.07 | 14.52 |
钙Calcium (Ca,%) | 1.19 | 0.82 |
磷 Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.31 | 0.27 |
项目Items | 试验组Trial group | 对照组Control group | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|
宰前活重Slaughter weight (kg) | 23.11±1.43 | 21.88±1.82 | 0.269 |
胴体重 Carcass weight (kg) | 10.58±1.01 | 10.13±1.10 | 0.515 |
屠宰率 Dressing percentage (%) | 45.87±4.31 | 46.27±2.59 | 0.863 |
眼肌面积 Loin muscle area (cm2) | 12.43±3.15 | 12.35±2.16 | 0.961 |
GR值 GR value (mm) | 19.86±1.30 | 19.14±1.51 | 0.444 |
表2 全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能的影响
Table 2 Effects of whole plant rice and SMS of P. ostreatus co-fermented feed on slaughter performance of Liuyang black goat
项目Items | 试验组Trial group | 对照组Control group | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|
宰前活重Slaughter weight (kg) | 23.11±1.43 | 21.88±1.82 | 0.269 |
胴体重 Carcass weight (kg) | 10.58±1.01 | 10.13±1.10 | 0.515 |
屠宰率 Dressing percentage (%) | 45.87±4.31 | 46.27±2.59 | 0.863 |
眼肌面积 Loin muscle area (cm2) | 12.43±3.15 | 12.35±2.16 | 0.961 |
GR值 GR value (mm) | 19.86±1.30 | 19.14±1.51 | 0.444 |
项目 Items | 胴体重 Carcass weight | 屠宰率 Dressing percentage | 眼肌面积 Loin muscle area | GR值 GR value |
---|---|---|---|---|
宰前活重 Slaughter weight | 0.661* | -0.119 | 0.185 | 0.685* |
胴体重 Carcass weight | 0.666* | 0.460 | 0.939** | |
屠宰率 Dressing percentage | 0.426 | 0.557 | ||
眼肌面积 Loin muscle area | 0.445 |
表3 全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能间的相关关系
Table 3 The correlations of whole plant rice and SMS of P. ostreatus co-fermented feed on slaughter performance of Liuyang black goat
项目 Items | 胴体重 Carcass weight | 屠宰率 Dressing percentage | 眼肌面积 Loin muscle area | GR值 GR value |
---|---|---|---|---|
宰前活重 Slaughter weight | 0.661* | -0.119 | 0.185 | 0.685* |
胴体重 Carcass weight | 0.666* | 0.460 | 0.939** | |
屠宰率 Dressing percentage | 0.426 | 0.557 | ||
眼肌面积 Loin muscle area | 0.445 |
项目Items | 试验组Trial group | 对照组Control group | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|
pH45min | 6.92±0.14 | 6.72±0.26 | 0.182 |
pH24h | 6.30±0.53a | 5.69±0.18b | 0.043 |
亮度 Lightness (L*) | 32.28±1.20 | 32.29±1.26 | 0.984 |
红度 Redness (a*) | 12.11±1.44 | 13.42±1.06 | 0.139 |
黄度 Yellowness (b*) | 2.31±0.51 | 2.85±0.80 | 0.235 |
失水率 Water loss rate (%) | 17.00±1.67b | 20.80±0.85a | 0.004 |
剪切力 Shear force (kg) | 2.87±0.66 | 2.85±0.77 | 0.965 |
熟肉率Cooked meat rate (%) | 55.70±1.70a | 52.90±1.06b | 0.014 |
表4 全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊肉品质的影响
Table 4 Effects of whole plant rice and SMS of P. ostreatus co-fermented feed on meat quality of Liuyang black goat
项目Items | 试验组Trial group | 对照组Control group | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|
pH45min | 6.92±0.14 | 6.72±0.26 | 0.182 |
pH24h | 6.30±0.53a | 5.69±0.18b | 0.043 |
亮度 Lightness (L*) | 32.28±1.20 | 32.29±1.26 | 0.984 |
红度 Redness (a*) | 12.11±1.44 | 13.42±1.06 | 0.139 |
黄度 Yellowness (b*) | 2.31±0.51 | 2.85±0.80 | 0.235 |
失水率 Water loss rate (%) | 17.00±1.67b | 20.80±0.85a | 0.004 |
剪切力 Shear force (kg) | 2.87±0.66 | 2.85±0.77 | 0.965 |
熟肉率Cooked meat rate (%) | 55.70±1.70a | 52.90±1.06b | 0.014 |
项目Items | 试验组Trial group | 对照组Control group | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|
肌纤维直径 Muscle fiber diameter (μm) | 50.87±2.18 | 52.53±3.07 | 0.355 |
肌纤维密度 Muscle fiber density (根amount·mm-2) | 867.71±27.53a | 794.04±50.65b | 0.002 |
肌纤维面积 Muscle fiber area (μm2) | 1130.93±39.64b | 1274.15±55.74a | 0.021 |
表5 全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊肌纤维组织学特性的影响
Table 5 Effects of whole plant rice and SMS of P. ostreatus co-fermented feed on muscle fiber histological characters of Liuyang black goat
项目Items | 试验组Trial group | 对照组Control group | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|
肌纤维直径 Muscle fiber diameter (μm) | 50.87±2.18 | 52.53±3.07 | 0.355 |
肌纤维密度 Muscle fiber density (根amount·mm-2) | 867.71±27.53a | 794.04±50.65b | 0.002 |
肌纤维面积 Muscle fiber area (μm2) | 1130.93±39.64b | 1274.15±55.74a | 0.021 |
项目Items | 试验组Trial group | 对照组Control group | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|
心脏指数 Heart index | 4.39±0.57 | 4.62±0.59 | 0.543 |
肝脏指数 Liver index | 15.95±1.90 | 18.17±2.18 | 0.124 |
脾脏指数Spleen index | 1.38±0.27b | 1.82±0.21a | 0.021 |
肺脏指数Lung index | 8.01±2.11 | 7.61±1.00 | 0.712 |
肾脏指数Kidney index | 3.20±0.83 | 2.80±0.19 | 0.352 |
表6 全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊器官指数的影响
Table 6 Effects of whole plant rice and SMS of P. ostreatus co-fermented feed on organ indexes of Liuyang black goat (g·kg-1)
项目Items | 试验组Trial group | 对照组Control group | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|
心脏指数 Heart index | 4.39±0.57 | 4.62±0.59 | 0.543 |
肝脏指数 Liver index | 15.95±1.90 | 18.17±2.18 | 0.124 |
脾脏指数Spleen index | 1.38±0.27b | 1.82±0.21a | 0.021 |
肺脏指数Lung index | 8.01±2.11 | 7.61±1.00 | 0.712 |
肾脏指数Kidney index | 3.20±0.83 | 2.80±0.19 | 0.352 |
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