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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1-10.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020434

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

施肥和刈割对呼伦贝尔草甸草原牧草品质的影响及其与植物多样性的关系

徐鑫磊(), 宋彦涛(), 赵京东, 乌云娜   

  1. 大连民族大学环境与资源学院,辽宁 大连 116600
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-27 修回日期:2020-11-24 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 宋彦涛
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: yantaosong@dlnu.edu.cn
    徐鑫磊(1995-),男,蒙古族,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士。E-mail: 18340868476@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省自然科学基金(201800623);国家自然科学基金(31670455);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021)

Changes in forage quality and its relationship with plant diversity under fertilization and mowing in Hulun Buir meadow steppe

Xin-lei XU(), Yan-tao SONG(), Jing-dong ZHAO, Yun-na WU   

  1. College of Environment and Bioresources,Dalian Minzu University,Dalian 116600,China
  • Received:2020-09-27 Revised:2020-11-24 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-06-03
  • Contact: Yan-tao SONG

摘要:

为探索施肥和刈割对呼伦贝尔草甸草原牧草营养品质的影响及其与植物多样性的关系,于2019年8月在中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所额尔古纳森林草原过渡带生态系统研究站刈割实验平台(建立于2016年)进行取样,对2个施肥梯度和6个刈割留茬高度处理下的植物样品进行品质测定,并分析牧草品质与物种丰富度的关系。结果表明,施肥处理下牧草粗蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值显著高于不施肥处理,而不施肥处理的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于施肥处理。刈割留茬高度3 cm时牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、可溶性碳水化合物、相对牧草品质和产奶量最高,而不刈割处理的牧草的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最高。施肥和刈割无显著交互作用。牧草中的相对牧草质量、相对饲用价值、产奶量、非纤维性碳水化合物、钙含量与牧草物种丰富度呈显著正相关关系,牧草中性洗涤纤维与牧草物种丰富度呈显著负相关关系,表明增加物种多样性有助于提高牧草的营养品质。因此,维持草地植物群落中植物物种丰富度可能是对呼伦贝尔草原家畜生产的有效管理方式。

关键词: 施肥, 刈割留茬高度, 牧草品质, 植物多样性

Abstract:

This research explored the effect of fertilization and mowing on the nutritional quality of forage in Hulun Buir meadow steppe and its relationship with plant diversity. A mown area was established at the Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS, in 2016. The experimental plots comprised fertilized and unfertilized treatments and six stubble cutting heights. Sampling was carried out in August 2019 and the nutritional components of the samples were determined and their relationship with plant richness was analyzed. It was found that the crude protein content and relative feeding value of forage under the fertilization treatment was significantly higher than without fertilization treatment, while the herbage acid detergent fiber content without fertilization treatment was significantly higher than under fertilization. The crude protein, crude fat, water soluble carbohydrate, relative forage quality and milk yield were the highest when plots were mowed at 3 cm stubble height, while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were the highest when plots were unmown. There was no significant interaction between fertilization and mowing. The relative forage quality, relative feeding value, milk yield, non-fibrous carbohydrate and Ca contents were positively and significantly correlated with species richness; the neutral detergent fiber content was negatively and significantly correlated with species richness, indicating that increase in species diversity improves the nutritional value of forage. Therefore, management methods that maintain high plant species richness in plant communities may be more effective for livestock production in Hulun Buir grassland.

Key words: fertilization, mowing stubble height, forage quality, plant diversity