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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 96-110.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021260

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

康宁木霉固态发酵改善茶渣营养价值

崔艺燕1(), 李家洲1, 田志梅1, 邓盾1, 鲁慧杰1, 刘志昌1, 容庭1, 马现永1,2()   

  1. 1.广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,畜禽育种国家重点实验室,农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室,广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室,广东畜禽肉品质量安全控制与评定工程技术研究中心,广东 广州 510640
    2.岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,广东 茂名 525000
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-29 修回日期:2021-09-08 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 马现永
  • 作者简介:E-mail: maxianyong@gdaas.cn
    崔艺燕(1987-),女,广东佛山人,助理研究员,硕士。E-mail: 958117076@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    省级农业科技创新推广及农业资源与生态环境保护建设项目(2021KJ266);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业科学团队建设项目(202118TD);广东省现代农业产业技术体系饲料创新团队项目(2021KJ115);广州市农村科技特派员项目(20212100077);科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)-杰出人才(R2020PY-JC001);优秀博士(R2020YJ-YB2002);韶关市科技计划项目(200731114530834)

Solid-state fermentation with Trichoderma koningii improves nutritional value of tea dregs

Yi-yan CUI1(), Jia-zhou LI1, Zhi-mei TIAN1, Dun DENG1, Hui-jie LU1, Zhi-chang LIU1, Ting RONG1, Xian-yong MA1,2()   

  1. 1.Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding,the Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China,Ministry of Agriculture,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation,Guangzhou 510640,China
    2.Maoming Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Maoming 525000,China
  • Received:2021-06-29 Revised:2021-09-08 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-06-01
  • Contact: Xian-yong MA

摘要:

本试验旨在研究康宁木霉固态发酵茶渣,提高茶渣营养价值,并筛选出最佳的发酵条件。用单因素试验优化发酵茶渣的基质比例(茶渣∶玉米粉=6∶4、7∶3、8∶2、9∶1)、料液比(3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3)、接种量(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)、发酵温度(25、28、31、34、37 ℃)和发酵时间(0、2、4、6、8、10、14、22 d)。以基质比例、发酵温度、接种量和发酵时间为影响因素,进行L9(34)正交试验确定茶渣最优发酵条件。测定各组发酵产物粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、还原糖、黄酮、皂苷和咖啡因含量,计算各组合的综合评分。确定最优条件后进行对比试验,比较了发酵前后茶渣的营养成分、活性物质和游离氨基酸含量。结果表明:1)单因素试验中,以下条件的综合评分最高:基质比例为7∶3,料液比为5∶5,接种量为8%,发酵温度为31 ℃,发酵时间为6 d。2)正交试验表明,康宁木霉发酵茶渣(料液比为5∶5)的最佳条件是:基质比例为7.0∶2.5,发酵温度为31 ℃,接种量为7%,发酵时间为6或7 d。3)与未发酵茶渣相比,最优条件下发酵茶渣的粗蛋白质、还原糖、黄酮、咖啡因、多种游离氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸/总氨基酸、风味氨基酸/总氨基酸均显著提高(P<0.05),皂苷含量显著降低(P<0.001),粗脂肪含量与未发酵茶渣无显著差异(P>0.05)。发酵6和7 d的茶渣营养成分和活性物质含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,康宁木霉发酵茶渣能够改善茶渣的营养价值。

关键词: 康宁木霉, 茶渣, 固态发酵, 营养价值

Abstract:

The purpose of this experiment was to study the solid-state fermentation of tea dregs (TDs) by Trichoderma koningii to improve the nutritional value of TDs, and identify the optimal fermentation conditions. A series of single factor experiments was used to optimize the substrate ratio (TDs∶corn meal=6∶4, 7∶3, 8∶2, 9∶1), solid∶liquid ratio (3∶7, 4∶6, 5∶5, 6∶4, 7∶3), inoculation amount (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%), fermentation temperature (25, 28, 31, 34, 37 ℃), and fermentation time (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 22 d) in fermented TDs. The optimum fermentation conditions of TDs were identified by an L9 (34) orthogonal test with substrate ratio, fermentation temperature, inoculation amount, and fermentation time. The contents of crude protein, ether extract, reducing sugar, flavonoids, saponins, and caffeine of different fermentation combinations were determined, and the multivariate scores of different groups were calculated. After determining the optimal conditions, a comparative experiment was carried out to compare the nutrients, active substances, and free amino acid contents of the TDs before and after fermentation. It was found that: 1) In the single factor tests, the multivariate scores of the following were the highest: substrate ratio 7∶3, solid∶liquid ratio 5∶5, inoculation amount 8%, fermentation temperature 31 ℃, and fermentation time 6 d. 2) The orthogonal test indicated that a substrate ratio of 7.0∶2.5, inoculation of 7% (1×107 spore·mL-1), and a solid-liquid ratio of 5∶5 at 31 ℃ for 6 or 7 d would produce the optimal result. 3) Compared with unfermented TDs, the contents of crude protein, reducing sugar, flavonoids, caffeine, various free amino acids, essential amino acids∶total amino acids and flavor amino acids∶total amino acids of fermented TDs (under optimal conditions) were significantly increased (P<0.05), the saponin content was significantly decreased (P<0.001), and the ether extract content had no significant difference between fermented or unfermented TDs (P>0.05). No significant differences in nutrients or levels of active compounds were detected in fermented TDs for 6 or 7 d (P>0.05). In brief, the solid-state fermentation by T. koningii can improve nutritional value in TDs.

Key words: Trichoderma koningii, tea dregs, solid-state fermentation, nutritional value