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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 212-223.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022159

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    

草地多功能目标管理的理论基础、技术原理及实现途径

张春辉1(), 赵亮2, 赵新全1,2()   

  1. 1.青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
    2.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海 西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-06 修回日期:2022-07-27 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2022-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 赵新全
  • 作者简介:E-mail: xqzhao@nwipb.cas.cn
    张春辉(1984-),男,山东郓城人,副教授,博士。E-mail: zhangcqhu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32060385);青海省科技厅项目(2020-ZJ-733)

Theoretical basis, technical principles and realization of grassland multifunctional objective management

Chun-hui ZHANG1(), Liang ZHAO2, Xin-quan ZHAO1,2()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Science,Xining 810008,China
  • Received:2022-04-06 Revised:2022-07-27 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2022-12-30
  • Contact: Xin-quan ZHAO

摘要:

草地具有保护地草地、放牧草地、栽培草地等草地类型多样性,动物、植物、微生物等生物资源多样性,调节功能、供给功能、支持功能和文化功能等生态系统服务和功能多样性。本研究基于生态系统多功能性概念,通过总结草地管理发展历程,提出新时代草地多功能目标管理框架。这一框架凝练出草地类型多样性、生物资源多样性和功能多样性维持等方面的基础理论;创新了草地动物、植物、微生物资源的变革性利用技术以及地表信息精准测量及遥感反演、草地食草动物利用率精准计量和草地承载力核定、营养平衡草牧业生产、生态功能提升和生态产品价值实现等方面的技术体系;探究草地生态、生产和生活等多功能优化管理路径,维系草地多功能属性、保护草地健康和可持续利用的绿色发展模式;实现区域保护自然、服务人民和永续发展目标。

关键词: 草地管理, 草地多功能性, 可持续发展

Abstract:

There are diverse grassland types, including protected grassland, grazed rangeland grassland and artificially sown grassland. Similarly, there is a diversity of biological resources linked to grassland use, such as animals, plants and microorganisms, and a diversity of ecosystem services and functions including regulating, provisioning, supporting and cultural functions. Drawing on the concept of ecosystem multifunctionality, this study summarizes the development process of grassland management, and puts forward the framework of grassland multifunctional objective management in the new era. This framework sets out the basic theory of maintaining the diversity of grassland types, biological resources and ecosystem services and functions and informs the transformational development of grassland utilization technologies relating to grassland animal, plant and microbial resources, the precise measurement of surface information and remote sensing inversion technology systems, the technical systems for accurate measurement of grassland herbivore utilization and grassland carrying capacity, the production technology systems to achieve feed supply and demand balance in grassland and animal husbandry, and the technical systems to simultaneously achieve improvement in grassland ecological function and the realization of ecological product value. In addition, this study explores the management path for multifunctional optimization of ecology, production and livelihood in grasslands while maintaining the multifunctional attributes of grassland, protecting the health and sustainable use of grassland, and realizing the goals of regional protection of nature, providing services to human populations and achieving sustainable development.

Key words: grassland management, grassland multifunctionality, sustainable development