粉砂性高速公路路基边坡植物护坡方案对比分析

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022376

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索植物护坡方式在粉砂性高速公路路基边坡应用的可行性以及为防护方案的制定提供科学依据，以江苏省海启高速粉砂性路基边坡为研究对象，选择<2 m坡段、2~4 m坡段和>4 m坡段进行植物防护对比试验，探究不同覆盖材料对于防护植物生长和防护效果的影响，对比不同配比防护植物生长情况及防护效果，同时对5种植物根系生长指标进行监测。结果表明：植物防护方案中增加纤维毯和草帘覆盖有助于防护植物的生长，并提高防护能力，纤维毯覆盖优于草帘覆盖；>4 m坡段防护植物盖度和均匀度较差，存在严重的分层现象，坡面土壤冲积现象明显，单纯的植物防护方式不适用于4 m以上高度的边坡防护；多草灌混播、多草籽混播、单草籽播种方式下植物生长情况好于多草花混播，多草灌混播后的植物盖度和均匀度显著优于其他植物配比方式，草灌结合植物生长相互促进且防护效果更佳；5种植物根系指标的监测结果证实紫穗槐、胡枝子、狗牙根根系总根长、根表面积、根体积等指标优于百喜草和多花木兰，植物适生性和根系生长情况可以作为防护植物选择的基本条件。综合而言，海启高速粉砂性路基边坡可采用多草灌混播+纤维毯覆盖的防护方案，该方案适用于4 m以下高度的边坡防护，以紫穗槐、胡枝子和狗牙根混播的植物生长情况最佳，且植物根系发达，可以发挥较好的边坡防护作用。

关键词: 高速公路, 粉砂性路基边坡, 植物防护, 植物生长, 防护效果

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of protecting slopes by planting vegetation with or without ground coverings， and to select the best protection strategy for this purpose. The site selected for this research was the silty subgrade slope of the Haian-Qidong Expressway in Jiangsu Province. Different types of vegetation were planted on slopes of <2 m， 2-4 m， and >4 m in height， and different materials were used to cover the soil surface. We determined the effects of the covering materials on the growth and protection effect of the vegetation. In addition， we monitored the above-ground growth and root growth of five plant species. The results showed that the use of a fiber mat or a straw layer as ground coverings encouraged plant growth and improved their protection capacity. Compared with the straw curtain， the fiber blanket showed better ground coverage. Slope protection by vegetation alone was not suitable for slopes of >4 m in height， because the coverage and uniformity of protective plants in this slope section were poor， serious stratification occurred， and alluvial soil was still visible on the slope surface. Compared with plant growth after mixed sowing of multiple grasses and flowers， plant growth was better after mixed sowing of seeds of multiple grass and shrub species， mixed sowing of multiple grass species， and sowing seeds of a single grass species. The plant cover and uniformity was significantly better after mixed planting of grasses and shrubs than after other planting patterns. The combination of grasses and shrubs mutually promoted their growth， resulting in the best slope protection effect. We evaluated five plant root indicators， and found that the indexes of total root length， root surface area， and root volume were higher for Amorpha fruticosa， Lespedeza bicolor， and Cynodon dactylon than for Paspalum notatum and Magnolia multiflora. The suitability of plants for particular areas and their root growth characteristics can be used as the criteria for selection as protective plants. In general， the protection approach of mixed sowing of multiple grass and shrub seeds as well as a fiber blanket as a ground cover was suitable for protection of the silty subgrade slope of the Haian-Qidong Expressway. This approach was suitable for protection of slopes <4 m in height. The mixture of A. fruticosa， L. bicolor and C. dactylon grew best， and formed a strong plant root system that contributed to slope protection.

Key words: expressway, silty subgrade slope, slope protection by vegetation, plant growth, protection effect

史锋厚, 倪岳, 杨成参, 赵娅如, 付红祥. 粉砂性高速公路路基边坡植物护坡方案对比分析[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(8): 71-81.

Feng-hou SHI, Yue NI, Cheng-can YANG, Ya-ru ZHAO, Hong-xiang FU. Slope protection by different types of vegetation and ground coverings： A case study on the silty subgrade slope of the Haian-Qidong Expressway[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(8): 71-81.

图/表 11

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分值Score	植物均匀程度The uniformity of plant
7~9	植物相对整齐规整，株高基本相同，景观效果相对较好。The plants are relatively neat and regular， the plant heights are basically the same， and the landscape effect is relatively good.
5~6	植物的株高相差较大，景观效果中等。The plant heights of the plants varies greatly， and the landscape effect is moderate.
0~4	植物分布极其凌乱，分层现象较为严重，株高杂乱不一，景观效果极差。The distribution of plants is extremely messy， the phenomenon of stratification is relatively serious， plant growth is highly disordered， and the landscape effect is extremely poor.

分值Score	植物均匀程度The uniformity of plant
7~9	植物相对整齐规整，株高基本相同，景观效果相对较好。The plants are relatively neat and regular， the plant heights are basically the same， and the landscape effect is relatively good.
5~6	植物的株高相差较大，景观效果中等。The plant heights of the plants varies greatly， and the landscape effect is moderate.
0~4	植物分布极其凌乱，分层现象较为严重，株高杂乱不一，景观效果极差。The distribution of plants is extremely messy， the phenomenon of stratification is relatively serious， plant growth is highly disordered， and the landscape effect is extremely poor.

覆盖材料 Covering material	盖度Coverage （%）		株高Height （cm）		均匀度Uniformity
覆盖材料 Covering material	<2 m	2~4 m	<2 m	2~4 m	<2 m	2~4 m
CK₂	64.13±10.90Cc	75.03±1.47Bb	31.27±0.85Ab	34.80±0.86Bb	3.77±0.22Bb	5.17±0.89Ab
纤维毯Fiber blanket	81.87±1.17Aa	86.40±1.51Aa	41.33±2.86Aa	45.53±1.64Aa	6.40±0.31Aa	6.20±3.00Aa
草帘Straw curtain	76.03±0.50Bb	84.43±1.90Aa	35.20±2.80Aab	39.13±1.94ABb	5.80±0.25Aa	6.20±0.26Aa

覆盖材料 Covering material	盖度Coverage （%）		株高Height （cm）		均匀度Uniformity
覆盖材料 Covering material	<2 m	2~4 m	<2 m	2~4 m	<2 m	2~4 m
CK₂	64.13±10.90Cc	75.03±1.47Bb	31.27±0.85Ab	34.80±0.86Bb	3.77±0.22Bb	5.17±0.89Ab
纤维毯Fiber blanket	81.87±1.17Aa	86.40±1.51Aa	41.33±2.86Aa	45.53±1.64Aa	6.40±0.31Aa	6.20±3.00Aa
草帘Straw curtain	76.03±0.50Bb	84.43±1.90Aa	35.20±2.80Aab	39.13±1.94ABb	5.80±0.25Aa	6.20±0.26Aa

不同坡段 Different slope	自由度 Degrees of freedom	盖度 Coverage	株高 Height	均匀度 Uniformity
单草籽播种坡段The slope with single grass seed sowing	2	1134.608**	10.556*	169.746**
多草籽混播坡段The slope with mixed grasses seeds sowing	2	1373.280**	13.769**	304.430**
多草花混播坡段The slope with mixed grasses and flowers sowing	2	21.938**	1.107	8.314*
多草灌混播坡段The slope with mixed grasses and shrubs sowing	2	20.078**	17.502**	50.360**